Showing papers in "Cognition in 2018"

TL;DR: A dataset of unprecedented size and a computational model provide the first direct estimate of how grammar-learning ability changes with age, finding that it is preserved almost to the crux of adulthood and then declines steadily.

TL;DR: The aversion to machine moral decision-making is difficult to eliminate and may prove challenging for the integration of autonomous technology in moral domains including medicine, the law, the military, and self-driving vehicles.

TL;DR: It is shown that two families of algorithms can be distinguished in terms of how uncertainty affects exploration, and computational modeling confirms that a hybrid model is the best quantitative account of the data.

TL;DR: It is argued that, on the computational side, it is important to move from toy problems to the full complexity of the learning situation, and take as input as faithful reconstructions of the sensory signals available to infants as possible.

TL;DR: This work clarifies the conceptual and empirical links between moral philosophy and moral psychology and indicates that sacrificial utilitarian judgments reflect genuine moral concern, in both philosophers and ordinary people.

TL;DR: It is argued that adopting this framework means that neurobiological studies of language will be less focused on identifying correlations between brain activity patterns and mechanisms postulated by psycholinguistic theories, and increasingly more inclined towards integration of language with other cognitive systems.

TL;DR: It is argued that learners' already entrenched expectations about speech co-occurrences from their native language impacts what they learn from novel auditory verbal input, and learners are free of such entrenchment when processing sequences of visual material such as abstract shapes.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the behavioral relevance of naturally occurring domains results in information processing, and hence aesthetic experience, that is highly conserved across individuals; artifacts of human culture require the use of more individual aesthetic sensibilities that reflect varying experiences and different sources of information.

TL;DR: It is shown that the inclusion of conceptual bias in the WEAVER++model (Levelt, Roelofs, & Meyer, 1999) explains cumulative semantic and semantic blocking effects while preserving the model's account of semantic distractor effects.

TL;DR: It is argued that face familiarity is best understood as reflecting increasingly robust statistical descriptions of idiosyncratic within-person variability, and how faces become familiar appears to rely on both bottom-up statistical image descriptions and top-down processes that cohere superficially different images of the same person.

TL;DR: In this study, the extent of individual differences in adult native speakers' knowledge of a range of constructions as well as vocabulary size and collocational knowledge is investigated, and the relationship between these three aspects of linguistic knowledge and four nonlinguistic predictors is explored.

TL;DR: It is shown that across the board, precisely those semantic domains that are more frequently talked about are also more lexically differentiated, for perceptual experiences, which suggests that the sensory lexicon of English is geared towards communicative efficiency.

TL;DR: Data indicate that confidence is computed on-line, throughout the decision process, and suggest an adaptive mechanism that involves the opposite causality: by slowing down when unconfident, participants gain time to improve their decisions.

TL;DR: A novel framework ('Trait Inference Mapping') in which trait inferences are products of mappings between locations in 'face space' and 'trait space' is described, which provides a framework within which the relative contribution of ontogenetic experience and genetic inheritance can be considered.

TL;DR: The present study compares explicit and implicit magnitude processing in an implicit spatial-directional task and identifies SNAs as artefacts of either explicit magnitude processing or explicit spatial- directional processing; they do not reveal spatial-conceptual links.

TL;DR: It is found that a low executive function capacity-and, relatedly, a low intrinsic motivation to expend effort-predicted larger increase in cognitive effort expenditure in response to monetary reward incentives, while individuals with greater executive function Capacity-and greater intrinsic motivation-were less responsive to reward incentives.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of executive functions on perspective-taking has been explored, and individual differences in inhibition and attentional switching in healthy adults (ages 17-84) were found to predict performance on a task in which speakers identified targets for a listener with size-contrasting competitors in common or privileged ground.

TL;DR: The ability to regulate the native language when immersed in a second language environment can influence mechanisms underlying the prediction process when reading in the L2, and cognitive control ability appears to mediate the difficulty readers incur when predictions are disconfirmed.

TL;DR: Analysis of imitative interactions with 4- to 5.5-month-old infants yielded three main findings: first, infants expect that characters who engaged in imitation will approach and affiliate with the characters whom they imitated, and second, infants show no evidence of expecting thatCharacters who were targets of imitation will approaches and affiliates with their imitators.

TL;DR: The present study investigates the feasibility of speech segmentation into syllable-like chunks without any a priori linguistic knowledge, and shows that the sonority fluctuation in speech is highly informative of syllable and word boundaries in all three cases without any language-specific tuning of the model.

TL;DR: The results support the idea that individual differences in face processing are at least partially related to the perceptual extraction strategy used during face identification and show that face processing ability is related to a systematic increase in the use of the eyes, especially the left eye from the observer's perspective.

TL;DR: Results provide the first evidence that expectations driven by unspoken properties of speakers, such as race, influence infants' speech processing.

TL;DR: Evidence that using a foreign language leads to less vivid mental imagery than using a native tongue is presented and this suggests that their mental images change when using aforeign tongue, leading to downstream consequences for how the authors make decisions.

TL;DR: Results from three studies comparing the word-learning strategies across different populations of child learners suggest that children do not retain multiple meaning hypotheses across learning instances, lending support to the propose-but-verify models.

TL;DR: The results suggest that extraction of event structure from visual scenes is rapid and spontaneous, and cannot be fully explained by differences in posture associated with Agents and Patients.

TL;DR: This work experimentally investigated whether even minimal, nonverbal behavior can be taken as a commitment to cooperate, as long as it is communicative, and found that communicative looks produced an expectation of collaboration in children.

TL;DR: It is found that females revisited previous locations more often and showed lower rates of spreading through an area, which partially accounted for gender differences in efficiency in navigation and pointing accuracy to remembered locations.

TL;DR: It appears that the increased effort of L2 listeners, as well as L1 listeners understanding L2 speech, modulates their auditory and lexical processing during speech recognition, which may provide a mechanism to compensate for their perceptual challenges under adverse conditions.

TL;DR: Analyzing approximately 37,000 words across five different languages, emotional sound symbolism is found in all five languages, and within each language the first phoneme of a word predicted its valence better than subsequent phonemes.

TL;DR: Experimental evidence is provided for the idea that linguistic structure evolves adaptively from contextually situated language use by finding that structure in the emerging communication systems evolve contingent on structural properties of the environment.