Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Biotechnology in 2019"

TL;DR: Examining lignins in different species reveals the extent to which evolution and natural variation have resulted in the incorporation of 'non-traditional' phenolic monomers, including phenolics from beyond the monolignol biosynthetic pathway.

TL;DR: Upon perturbation of the phenylpropanoid pathway, pathway intermediates may successfully incorporate into the lignin polymer, thereby affecting its physicochemical properties, or may remain soluble as such or as derivatized molecules that might interfere with physiological processes.

TL;DR: Flow-through RCF has the advantage of separating the solvolytic steps from the catalytic steps and being a semi-continuous process; both of which are beneficial for research purposes and for industrial operation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how advances in imaging and sensor technologies are making root phenomic studies possible However, methodological advances in acquisition, handling and processing of the resulting "big-data" is becoming increasingly important.

TL;DR: This review overviews fundamental sample preparation and data analysis processes of scRNA-seq and provides a comparative perspective for analyzing and visualizing these data.

TL;DR: The parameters involved in metabolite reporting are reviewed and a workflow to estimate the level of confidence in reported metabolite annotation is provided, to enable data to be shared, re-analyzed and re-annotated in an automated fashion.

TL;DR: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) has emerged as a key technology for label-free bioanalysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules, pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics in tissue sections.

TL;DR: Genetic evidence indicates that hemicellulose:lignin cross-linking has a substantial impact on plant cell wall recalcitrance, and engineering plant biomass with modified frequencies of cross-links will have significant impacts on biomass utilisation.

TL;DR: Recent studies have begun to identify specific laccase and peroxidase proteins responsible for lignin polymerization in specific cell types and during different developmental stages, suggesting the coordination of polymerization machinery localization and monolignol supply is likely critical for the spatio-temporal patterning of lignIn polymerization.

TL;DR: It is argued that the genus Tetrasphaera can be as important as Ca.

TL;DR: The combined strengths of these emerging approaches will improve wastewater nitrogen removal by reducing energy consumption, minimizing effluent nitrogen, and maximizing nitrogen recovery.

TL;DR: Recent developments in the synthesis of lignin-containing polymers and nanomaterials offer unique opportunities for fine-tuning material properties (e.g. tensile strength, hardness, elasticity) to match specific applications.

TL;DR: The modular nature of granular hydrogels accommodates heterogeneous HMP assembly, where varying HMPs have been fabricated to target distinct biological processes or deliver unique cargo, offer enormous potential for capturing the structural and biofunctional complexity observed in native human tissue.

TL;DR: It is reviewed here how the evolution of data-driven methods offers the possibility to address many of these problems, guiding the formulation of hypotheses on systems functioning and the generation of mechanistic models, and facilitating the design of clinical procedures in Personalized Medicine.

TL;DR: A critical overview of the mechanisms used by LAB to inhibit spoilage organisms will be presented, and variations between the concentrations of compounds resulting from LAB activity and their inhibitory amounts are discussed.

TL;DR: This review gives a short overview of H MO manufacturing from the design and optimization of the microbial cell factory and the production of HMOs in the industrial fermentation process to the purification in the downstream process necessary to obtain a final product.

TL;DR: This review focuses on microbial enzymes that are responsible for lignin degradation and on their applications to biological lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment and biotechnological lign in engineering.

TL;DR: A variety of platelet-mediated drug delivery approaches have been developed due to their unique properties, such as quick replenishment and site-specific activation/adhesion, which are associated with wound healing as well as cancer development and metastasis.

TL;DR: This work examines EVs, their engineering and applications by dissecting mechanistic and engineering aspects of their components that endow them with their unique capabilities: their cargo and membranes proteins.

TL;DR: Recent findings suggest that the structure of the polymer produced de novo seems to largely depend on the type and intensity of the stress and on the plant species.

TL;DR: The current state of development and challenges for fermentative processes for the B vitamin group are reviewed.

TL;DR: The search for novel molecular hubs connecting developmental/environmental signals in lignin biosynthesis is searched for; elucidating these molecular hubs may enable us to control lignification in harmony with plant development and environmental adaptation.

TL;DR: 16S rRNA gene sequencing and meta-omics approaches are necessary to further DIET knowledge but are limited in their ability to confirm the occurrence of DIET, and linking interspecies distance, interspecies mixing, and cellular activity to a DIET-based electron transfer model is promising but needs further validation for anaerobic digestion systems.

TL;DR: Investigating chromatin factors indicates that DNA cytosine-5 methylation does not directly block Cas9 binding, and a better understanding of genome-wide chromatin and transcription states, CRISPR/Cas9 effectiveness and reliability can be improved.

TL;DR: Recent developments in both disciplines with respect to how one can identify the best starting points for directed evolution are outlined, such that highly efficient and robust tailor-made enzymes can be obtained with minimal optimization.

TL;DR: A summary of the recent achievements and trends in microbial production of chemicals, with a focus on biofuels and high-value natural compounds, and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the successful establishment of future microbial chemical factories are offered.

TL;DR: The latest advances in organ-on-a-chip technology are reviewed and future clinical applications discussed.

TL;DR: This review addresses recent developments in the integration of MEC with other processes such as membrane filtration, anaerobic ammonium oxidation andanaerobic digestion, as well as discusses current challenges and new integration opportunities.

TL;DR: Recent advances in tissue-specific lignin complementation and better understanding of phenylpropanoid transcriptional regulation has made it possible to disentangle lignIn modification from perturbations in plant development.

TL;DR: Some of the most significant recent advances in the development of multi-parametric, optofluidic imaging flow cytometry for the enumeration of complex cellular populations are described.