Showing papers in "Drug and Alcohol Dependence in 2012"

TL;DR: Though the possibility remains that opioid abusers are using BZDs therapeutically to self-medicate anxiety, mania or insomnia, the data reviewed in this paper suggest that BZD use is primarily recreational.

TL;DR: States that legalized medical marijuana had higher rates of marijuana use and marijuana abuse/dependence and future research needs to examine whether the association is causal, or is due to an underlying common cause, such as community norms supportive of the legalization of medical marijuana and ofarijuana use.

TL;DR: A series of meta-regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of age, primary substance of abuse, setting and assessment procedure on the prevalence of ADHD in a variety of SUD populations and found ADHD is present in almost one out of every four patients with SUD.

TL;DR: The concept of common liability to addictions incorporates sequencing of drug use initiation as well as extends to related addictions and their severity, provides a parsimonious explanation of substance use and addiction co-occurrence, and establishes a theoretical and empirical foundation to research in etiology, quantitative risk and severity measurement, aswell as targeted non-drug-specific prevention and early intervention.

TL;DR: Acute subjective effects were similar to known effects of cannabis, and a subset of users met DSM criteria for abuse and dependence on Spice products, and controlled laboratory research is needed to further examine the behavioral pharmacology of individual synthetic cannabinoids found in Spice products.

TL;DR: These data provide evidence that meth/amphetamine users have above-normal risk for developing Parkinson's disease, and a retrospective population-based cohort study using all linked statewide California inpatient hospital episodes and death records provides evidence.

TL;DR: Interventions aiming to decrease substance abuse and reduce socioeconomic inequalities in this area should be implemented early in life.

TL;DR: The modified Stroop task is preferable to the visual probe task as a measure of substance-related cognitive bias, on the basis of its psychometric properties.

TL;DR: This study supports the efficacy of SIDI in improving distress tolerance levels among individuals with drug and alcohol use disorders currently receiving residential substance use treatment.

TL;DR: Extant literature on contingency management (CM) transportability, or its transition from academia to community practice, is reviewed and it is concluded that CM transportability is in its infancy and warrants further scientific attention.

TL;DR: Trait impulsivity may influence cocaine dependence by impacting its neurobiological underpinnings in frontostriatal systems using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses.

TL;DR: It is suggested that delay is a critical variable strongly affecting HIV sexual risk behavior, and that the Sexual Discounting Task provides a clinically sensitive measure of this phenomenon that may address a variety of questions about HIV risk in future research.

TL;DR: The data demonstrate that the AQ-rt-RT-PCR is a highly reproducible and precise method to study the expression of opioid receptors in various tissues and under different disease conditions.

TL;DR: More frequent cannabis use was associated with modest increases in rates of depressive symptoms and this association was stronger in adolescence and declined thereafter, suggesting that the association was strongest in adolescence.

TL;DR: A causal association between alcohol misuse and violent offending/victimization and IPV perpetration is suggested, with estimates suggesting that alcohol use disorder accounted for approximately 4.6-9.3% of the reported violent offending, violence victimization, and IPv perpetration in the cohort.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that hypoactivation of the inhibition circuit is a shared neural mechanism in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions, and support the reclassification of pathological gambling as a behavioral addiction in DSM-V.

TL;DR: Toxicokinetic properties, including metabolic pathways, actions and effects in animals and humans, with some hypothesis of mechanism of action, and analytical approaches for the identification of these drugs are summarized in this review.

TL;DR: Cognitive deficits in cannabis users are identified even in the absence of axis-I disorders and a history of using other illicit drugs, suggesting these deficits predate cannabis use or are due to its consumption.

TL;DR: Cocaine-related specific elevations in Negative Urgency and working memory deficits, putatively identified as cocaine neurotoxicity effects were found and other aspects of impulsivity were increased across CDI and PG groups and may reflect vulnerability factors for addiction.

TL;DR: Compared to no drug use, the recreational use of cannabis was associated with a major dysfunction of the different facets of impulsive behaviors, however, alcohol binge drinking was related only to impulsive decision-making.

TL;DR: Students who report greater energy drink consumption also consume more alcohol, are more likely to mix energy drinks and alcohol, and experience heavy episodes of drinking, which is problematic given the potential negative consequences of these drinks.

TL;DR: Previous findings of smaller grey matter volumes in subjects with an alcohol use disorder are replicated and no significant morphological brain abnormalities in problem gamblers are found.

TL;DR: The ability to reinstate nicotine-seeking with multiple modalities is demonstrated and that exposure to nicotine-associated cues during periods of a stressful state or nicotine can increase Nicotine-seeking is demonstrated.

TL;DR: Increase in gray matter with methamphetamine abstinence suggests that some gray-matter deficits are partially attributable to methamphetamine abuse, which is in part attributable to cigarette smoking or pre-morbid conditions.

TL;DR: There was a significantly higher HIV prevalence among females compared to males who inject drugs in high seroprevalence settings, but the effect size is extremely modest.

TL;DR: Among adult patients in treatment for substance disorders, the alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and heroin criteria for dependence, abuse (with the exception of legal problems), and craving measure a single underlying dimension.

TL;DR: The increases in diversion and abuse measures indicate the need to take active attempts to curb diversion and Abuse as well as continuous monitoring and surveillance of all buprenorphine products, although these increases parallel the increased number of tablets sold.

TL;DR: The results suggest that prefrontal brain networks are more strongly coupled in smokers, which could facilitate drug-cue responding, and are the first to document greater reward-related network fMRI amplitude in smokers.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the integrity of prefrontal systems that underlie cognitive control functions may be an important characteristic of successful long-term abstinence.

TL;DR: Using participants' cell phones, ICAT appears to be a convenient method for collecting alcohol-related data throughout the evening and it is important to prevent the average increase of drinking that is likely to occur on Saturday evenings among young people.