Showing papers in "Environmental Pollution in 2002"

TL;DR: Urban forests in the north central, northeast, south central and southeast regions of the USA store and sequester the most carbon, with average carbon storage per hectare greatest in southeast, northcentral, northeast and Pacific northwest regions, respectively.

TL;DR: The significance of accumulated metal concentrations is discussed in terms of the biological significance, including the attempted recognition of a high or low concentration, and of the applied use of aquatic invertebrates in biomonitoring programmes assessing geographical and temporal variation in trace metal bioavailabilities in aquatic systems.

TL;DR: A compilation of existing root biomass data for upland forests of the world generated a significant regression equation that can be used to predict root biomass based on aboveground biomass only.

TL;DR: The strong associations between anthropogenic Pb and the Fe-Mn oxide and organic/sulphide phases suggested that anthropogenic Cd and Pb was relatively stable after deposition in soils.

TL;DR: It is suggested that urban trees play a major role in sequestering CO2 and thereby delay global warming.

TL;DR: Most soils in the Midwestern USA have lost 30 to 50% of their original pool of C upon conversion from natural to agricultural ecosystems, and about 60 to 70% of the C thus depleted can be resequestered through adoption of recommended soil and crop management practices.

TL;DR: The concentrations of a number of organic compounds of the Pearl River Delta samples indicate that sediments of the Zhujiang river and Macao harbor are most likely to pose biological impairment.

TL;DR: Grazing lands are estimated to contain 10-30% of the world's soil organic carbon, and given the size of the C pool in grazing lands the authors need to better understand the current and potential effects of management on soil C storage.

TL;DR: The degradation of diesel oil was significantly enhanced by the addition of these organic amendments relative to straight soil and Preferential degradation of n-alkanes over TPH was observed regardless of the kind and the amount of organic amendments.

TL;DR: The results suggest that specific chemisorption, and possibly metal diffusion into oxide particles could also be the mechanisms responsible for the fixation of metals by red mud.

TL;DR: In this paper, surface specific techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy, have been used to investigate the NOx adsorbate reaction at the TiO2 substrate surface.

TL;DR: Results suggest the volatile fraction of diesel fuel played an influential role in delaying seed emergence and reducing percentage germination, and the remaining diesel fuel in the soil added to this inhibitory effect on germination by physically impeding water and oxygen transfer between the seed and the surrounding soil environment, thus hindering the germination response.

TL;DR: Planted wetlands exhibited significantly greater nitrate removal than unplanted wetlands (P<0.01), indicating that macrophytes are essential to efficient nitrate Removal, and a wetland planted with Penniserum showed consistently higher nitrates removal than those planted with the other four macrophyte, suggesting that macrophtes present species-specific nitrate removed efficiency.

TL;DR: The discussion points towards more explicit coupling of biomonitoring data to knowledge and databases on both emission registration, ecosystem performance and human health, which means that multidisciplinary programs should be set up, which accommodate expert inputs from biomoniting, emission control programs, analytical chemistry, ecology, and epidemiology.

TL;DR: As adjacent land-use becomes more urbanized, forest soil C pools can be affected even in stands not directly disturbed by urban land development, suggesting physical disturbances and inputs of various materials by humans can greatly alter the amount C stored in these soils.

TL;DR: The ferns were by far the most proficient plants at accumulating arsenic from soil, attaining concentrations of up to 8350 microg g(-1) (dry mass) in the frond.

TL;DR: The authors' data indicate that higher soil C with grazing was in part the result of more rapid annual shoot turnover, and redistribution of C within the plant-soil system as a result of changes in plant species composition.

TL;DR: A case study of the value of the Canberra urban forest with particular reference to pollution mitigation is outlined, using a tree inventory, modelling and decision support system developed to collect and use data about trees for tree asset management.

TL;DR: EDGA enhanced metal leaching in the lysimeter study which could lead to groundwater pollution and careful management of phytoremediation methods, therefore, seems necessary.

TL;DR: Experimental data showed that particle diffusion was involved in the sorption process but was not the only rate-limiting mechanism; several other mechanisms were involved.

TL;DR: Distribution of the sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons indicated from USEPA as priority pollutants was studied in surface sediments of two coastal areas of the Adriatic Sea taking into account different aspects, such as the fluvial inputs and the grain size of the sediments.

TL;DR: High PAH concentrations in water and pore water were significantly higher than those found in 1998, suggesting recent inputs of these compounds into the area and re-working of sediment phase, and the complexity of the partition behaviour of PAHs is likely to have caused mortality to certain exposed organisms.

TL;DR: Some of the challenges facing micrometeorologists attempting to use eddy covariance techniques to directly monitor CO2 fluxes in urban environments are highlighted, focusing on the inherent variability within and between urban areas, and the importance of scale and the appropriate height of measurements.

TL;DR: It is suggested that DOC in soils significantly increased the availability of the metals to plants and also their uptake by ryegrass, where DOC had less competition with surface sorption than in the SCL soil.

TL;DR: A brief history and a look at new directions for the enhanced FIA Program are provided.

TL;DR: It is suggested that assessments of chemicals of emerging concern can be rationally structured around a multistage process in which fate and risk are evaluated with increasing accuracy as new data become available.

TL;DR: This is the first report demonstrating the marked enhancement of plant antioxidative enzymes and the enhanced scavenging of potentially harmful O2*- by fungicides as a mechanism of protecting plants against noxious oxidative stress from the environment.

TL;DR: There was a direct relationship between amount of gasoline sold, which was related to recreational boating activity, and the resuspension of E. coli in marinas, and enumeration of bacteria in bottom sediment showed that the densities ofE.

TL;DR: Two different methods, i.e. mineralogical means and sequential extractions, were employed to analyze the total contents, existing states, and chemical forms of heavy metals in coal mine spoils, demonstrating that the mobility of heavy metal in coalMine spoils depends not only on their existing states and the stability of their host minerals but also on the properties of the coalmine spoils.

TL;DR: Spatial distributions of aggregate stability and soil carbon were investigated in a semiarid rangeland in New Mexico, USA, and it is argued that this multi-scale soil heterogeneity must be considered when measuring and managing for C sequestration.