Showing papers in "Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology in 2008"

TL;DR: In this review, sex differences in drug abuse are discussed for humans and in animal models, and the possible neuroendocrine mechanisms mediating these sex differences are discussed.

TL;DR: Evidence for the generational transmission of maternal care and the mechanisms underlying this transmission will be discussed as will the implications of this inheritance system for offspring development and for the transmission of environmental information from parents to offspring.

TL;DR: The impact of clinically used progestogens and developing selective PR modulators for targeted outcomes in brain is a critical avenue of investigation as the non-reproductive functions of PRs have far-reaching implications for hormone therapy to maintain neurological health and function throughout menopausal aging.

TL;DR: The non-genomic effects of androgens are reviewed, along with a discussion of the possible role non- genomic androgen actions have on animal physiology and behavior.

TL;DR: It is proposed that during this phase corticosterone promotes hippocampal excitability and amplifies the effect of other stress hormones, which may contribute to fast behavioral effects and encoding of stress-related information.

TL;DR: The effects of estrogen in the hippocampal formation that lead to modulation of hippocampal function include effects on cell morphology, synapse formation, signaling, and excitability that have been studied in laboratory mice, rats, and primates.

TL;DR: Tetrac is a T(4) analog that inhibits binding of iodothyronines to the integrin receptor and is a probe for the participation of this receptor in cellular actions of the hormone.

TL;DR: Many aspects of progestin signaling through these two families of novel membrane proteins remain unresolved, but evidence has been obtained that PGMRC1 mediates the antiapoptotic affects of progesterone in rat granulosa cells.

TL;DR: There is evidence in this review, that membrane actions of estrogens, which activate these rapid signaling cascades, can also potentiate nuclear transcription in both the central nervous system and in non-neuronal cell lines.

TL;DR: Novel aspects of kisspeptin/GPR54 physiology have emerged, including their involvement in the neuroendocrine control of ovulation and the metabolic gating of reproductive function.

TL;DR: Conditions under which ET may protect aspects of cognition in aging women are defined while also considering the cost/benefit ratio for the treatment of women aged 50-59years.

TL;DR: The inhibitory activity of estrogens on neuroinflammation and specifically on microglia might thus be considered as a beneficial therapeutic opportunity for delaying the onset or progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: The mechanism by which orexins maintain sleep/wakefulness states, and how this mechanism relates to other systems that regulate emotion, reward, and energy homeostasis is discussed.

TL;DR: Research on the neuroendocrinology of aggression has been dominated by the paradigm that the brain receives gonadal hormones, primarily testosterone, which modulate relevant neural circuits, but recent studies reveal important alternatives.

TL;DR: The survey of 340 million years of insect neurohormone GPCR evolution shows that neuropeptide/receptor couples can easily duplicate or disappear during insect evolution and shows that Drosophila is not a good representative of all insects, because several of the hormonal systems that the authors now find in Tribolium do not exist in Dosophila.

TL;DR: By understanding the mechanisms by which natural hormones and xenobiotics affect reproductive neuroendocrine systems, a better understanding of normal developmental processes is gained, as well as the potential ability to intervene when development is disrupted.

TL;DR: The discovery of non-genomic mechanisms of glucocorticoids is a major breakthrough in stress research, and further insights into these mechanisms may open novel approaches for the therapy of various diseases.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the rapid effects of androgen on cell surface and cytoplasmic level, which suggests a cross-talk between the fast non-genomic and the slow genomic pathway of androgens.

TL;DR: New results obtained in aromatase and alpha-fetoprotein knockout mice are reviewed showing that estrogens can have both feminizing and defeminizing effects on the developing neural mechanisms that control sexual behavior.

TL;DR: Use of evolutionary conserved mechanisms have thus been adapted to modify the control of gene expression and embryonic growth of the brain as well as allowing for plastic changes in the post-natal brain in response to external environmental and social cues.

TL;DR: Several rodent models that have shown particular promise for unraveling the contribution of genetics and the environment on sociosexual behavior are described, including two that focus on genetically-modified mice and makes the point that the early litter environment alters subsequent brain activity and behavior.

TL;DR: In humans, it is difficult to separate the direct psychoactive effects of AAS from reinforcement due to their systemic anabolic effects, but using conditioned place preference and self-administration, studies in animals have demonstrated that AAS are reinforcing in a context where athletic performance is irrelevant.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the GnRH receptor can assume different conformations which have different selectivity for GnRH analogs and intracellular signaling proteins complexes and this ligand-induced selective-signaling recruits certain pathways while by-passing others and has implications in developing more selective Gn RH analogs for highly specific therapeutic intervention.

TL;DR: A speculative model of how spontaneous and reflexive hormone release might interact to regulate reproductive behavior and why mice appear to be an ideal species for examining testosterone's quick effects are concluded.

TL;DR: Estradiol is a potent preventative against neurodegenerative disease, in part, by activating antioxidant defense systems scavenging reactive oxygen species, limiting mitochondrial protein damage, improving electron transport chain activity and reducing mitochondrial DNA damage.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the normal behavioral role of neuropeptide Y is to facilitate the search for food and switch attention from sexual stimuli to food in anorexia nervosa because neural mechanisms of reward and attention are engaged.

TL;DR: The effect of gonadal steroids on target organ responsiveness to VP; the expression of multiple types of estrogen receptors in the VP neurons and in brain regions monitoring feedback signals from the periphery; and the impact of dehydration and hyponatremia on expression of these receptors are described.

TL;DR: Through examining the role of imprinted genes in neuroendocrine function, it may be possible to shed light on the neurobiological basis of feeding and aspects of social behaviour and underlying cognition, and to provide insights into disorders where these functions go awry.

TL;DR: A review examines the potential regulation of the ERalpha gene by such epigenetic mechanisms as epigenetic modification of chromatin is increasingly being understood as a mechanism of neuronal gene regulation.

TL;DR: In this paper, it has been shown that the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides (PACAP) and its PAC1 receptor are expressed at early stages of sympathetic development, and participate to the control of neuroblast proliferation and differentiation.