Showing papers in "Fuel Processing Technology in 2005"

TL;DR: Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats, which consists of the monoalkyl esters formed by a catalyzed reaction of the triglycerides in the oil or fat with a simple monohydric alcohol.

TL;DR: In this paper, structural features that influence the physical and fuel properties of a fatty ester molecule are chain length, degree of unsaturation, and branching of the chain, as well as the structural features of the fatty acid and the alcohol moieties.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature on using lime from limestone to sequester CO 2 from combustion systems is presented, and the physical properties of calcined products after sintering and reaction are reviewed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the capacities of aqueous ammonia solution and monoethanolamine (MEA) solution for CO2 transfer in a semibatch reactor, where the flow of gas is continuous.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME; biodiesel) from soapstock (SS), a byproduct of edible oil refining that is substantially less expensive than refined oils.

TL;DR: In this article, the effectiveness of five antioxidants, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), BHT, propyl gallate (PrG), and α-Tocopherol, in mixtures with soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (SME) was determined by nonisothermal pressurized-differential scanning calorimetry (P-DSC).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the separation of toluene from heptane by extraction with ionic liquids and concluded that the ionic liquid [mebupy]BF4 appeared to be the most suitable solvent for this purpose.

TL;DR: In this article, a range of mesoporous silica substrates were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to form hybrid products suitable for carbon dioxide adsorption.

TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic activity of olivine is investigated via steam-reforming reaction of naphthalene as model biomass tar compound, and the effect of pretreatment time is investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a stable water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion was prepared using 100 ml colloid mill with sorbitan monooleate (SM) as emulsifier and the results showed that the optimum process conditions are: emulsifiers dosage, 0.5%; oil to water ratio, 1:1; stirring intensity, 2500 rpm; and mixing temperature, 30 °C.

TL;DR: In this article, a novel nanoporous CO 2 "molecular basket" adsorbent was developed and applied in the separation of CO 2 from the flue gas of a natural gas fired boiler.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the efficacy of reducing the iodine value of soy-derived biodiesel fuels through increasing the methyl oleate (methyl ester of oleic acid) content and adding of cetane improvers, as strategies to combat the biodiesel NOx effect.

TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction of CO2-saturated brine with limestone results in compositional, mineralogical, and porosity changes in the aquifer fluid and rock that are dependent on initial brine composition, especially dissolved calcium and sulfate.

TL;DR: In this article, high surface area activated anthracites were prepared by steam activation and their CO2 capacities were investigated, and several surface treatment methods, including NH3 heat treatment and polyethylenimine impregnation, were used to modify the surface properties of the activated Anthracites in an attempt to increase their CO 2 capture capacity at higher temperatures.

TL;DR: In this article, a mesoporous silica material with a uniform pore size of 21 nm and a surface area of 200~230 m 2 /g was used for the capture of carbon dioxide from simulated flue gas streams.

TL;DR: In this paper, a Life Cycle Assessment study was carried out for evaluating the potential of utilizing marine biomass for energy production, and macro-algae obtained from the Adriatic and Jonian seas have been selected and tested for the initial case.

TL;DR: In this article, the surface area of olivine and serpentine can be increased to over 330 m 2 /g through surface activation to the extent that such rigorous reaction conditions were not required.

TL;DR: The IEA GHG Weyburn CO2 Monitoring and Storage Project as mentioned in this paper was created to predict and verify the ability of an oil reservoir to securely and economically store CO2.

TL;DR: In this article, a 1-dimensional model for an atmospheric circulating fluidized bed biomass gasifier (CFBBG) under stationary state is presented, based on the kinetic equations for the reaction network solved together with mass and heat balances.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed to modify the fatty acid profile of soybeans for locale performance enhancement, in order to increase the attractiveness of biodiesel derived from this commodity crop.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of a multimode and a singlemode microwave oven and graphite and char as microwave absorbers on the pyrolysis process of sewage sludge was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the pyrolysis of cotton stalks was studied for determining the main characteristics and quantities of liquid and solid products, and the results showed that particle size and nitrogen flow rate did not exert a significant influence, whereas temperature was very significant.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of temperature, pressure, and pH on the formation of calcite during the reaction of CO2 with natural gas well brine were investigated and it was suggested that pH has a significant effect on the precipitation of mineral carbonates.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of some of the more novel methods for carbon dioxide separation from flue and fuel gas streams, including electrochemical pumps, membranes and chemical looping approaches to CO2 separation.

TL;DR: In this article, an exergy analysis of the Fischer-Tropsch process for biomass gasification and electricity generation is presented, which shows that the rational (exergetic) efficiency is 36.4%.

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of Bulgarian lignites (Maritza East, Maritza West, and Sofia) were gradually heated under air from 100 °C to their fluid ash fusion temperatures (1200-1300 °C) via 100 °c intervals and the behaviour of their inorganic matter (IM) was studied.

TL;DR: In this paper, Norway spruce sawdust pellets were produced under strictly controlled conditions on a laboratory scale, and the aim of the work was to investigate how the moi et al.

TL;DR: In this paper, Olive residues were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor under different pyrolysis conditions to determine the role of final temperature, sweeping gas flow rate and steam velocity on the product yields and liquid product composition with a heating rate of 7 °C/min.

TL;DR: In this article, a number of binary and ternary eutectic salt-modified lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3) sorbents were identified and evaluated for high temperature CO2 capture.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a system resembling a CO 2 scrubber, in which carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the rate of CO 2 hydration for subsequent fixation into stable mineral carbonates.