Showing papers in "Gastroenterology in 2023"

TL;DR: This paper analyzed the molecular and immune traits of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) in patients treated with anti-PD1 and generated an 11-gene signature (IFNAP) to predict response and survival.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluate the epidemiological trends and risk factors of HCC, and discuss the genetics of the HCC including monogenic diseases, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, gut microbiome, and somatic mutations.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors found that PNPLA3-rs738409-GG genotype, diabetes, obesity, and ALT >2x upper limit of normal were associated with higher incidence rate of cirrhosis in both MGI and UKBB.

TL;DR: In this paper , a colorectal cancer (CRC) was classified into three onco-microbial community subtypes (OCS) with distinguishing features: OCS1 (Fusobacterium/oral pathogens, proteolytic, 21%), right-sided, high-grade, MSI-high, CIMP-positive, CMS1, BRAF V600E and FBXW7 mutated; OCS2 (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, saccharolytic), and OCS3 (Escherichia/Pseudechia/Shigella, fatty acid beta-oxidation, 35%) both left-sided and exhibiting CIN.

TL;DR: In this paper , the time to fibrosis progression in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus people without T2DM was assessed in a large, multicenter, study of people with NAFLD who had paired liver biopsies.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors review the recent progress in the Lynch syndrome field and discuss how the accumulating epidemiological, clinical, and molecular information have contributed to a more accurate and complete picture of Lynch syndrome, resulting in genotype- and immunological subtype-specific strategies for surveillance, cancer prevention, and treatment.

TL;DR: In this paper , an artificial intelligence (AI) Computer-Aided Diagnosis System was developed to evaluate ulcerative colitis (UC) biopsies and predict prognosis using a convolutional neural network classifier.

TL;DR: A multidisciplinary panel of content experts and guideline methodologists used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework to prioritize clinical questions, identify patient-centered outcomes, and conduct an evidence synthesis on the clinical performance of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin, and fecal lactoferrin as biomarkers of disease activity in patients with established UC in symptomatic remission or with active symptoms as mentioned in this paper .

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss the genetics of hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC) and the variability of its clinical phenotype, in particular the variable penetrance of advanced DGC and LBC, both within and between families.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used RNA sequencing, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation and luciferase report assays to explore the mechanism underlying FZD10-mediated liver CSCs expansion and lenvatinib resistance.

TL;DR: In 2019, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation (AST) as discussed by the authors proposed a vaccination schedule for adults aged 19 years or older.

TL;DR: The role of the SLFN family in immune responses against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated in this article , where a humanized orthotopic HCC mouse model and a coculture system were constructed and cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) technology was used to explore the function and mechanism of SLFN11 in the immune context of HCC.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated adherence and pathology findings for a single screening-colonoscopy versus sequential and non-sequential HSgFOBT in a randomized clinical trial.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss potential bidirectional interactions between microbes and host, describe the changes in gut microbiota induced by probiotic and prebiotic approaches, and their potential clinical consequences and summarize how to develop a systematic approach to design probiotics capable of altering the host microbiota in disease states, using Crohn's Disease (CD) as a model chronic disease.

TL;DR: Foerster et al. as mentioned in this paper performed a post-hoc patient-level analysis of the IMbrave150 trial to evaluate if cirrhosis etiology affects survival or antitumor responses after atezolizumab plus bevacsumab.

TL;DR: In this paper , the association between hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels and spontaneous seroclearance of HBsAg was explored, and it was found that lower HBcrAg levels at baseline were associated with an increased likelihood of hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroc-learance (logrank P < .001).

TL;DR: Ahadova et al. as mentioned in this paper found that colorectal cancer (CRC) under regular surveillance, MSH2 carriers have a significantly higher risk of developing adenomas compared with MLH1 carriers.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the efficacy of per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) versus pneumatic dilation (PD) for patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms after laparoscopic Heller myotomy.

TL;DR: In this article , a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pragmatic trial was performed to compare tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) with oral methotrexate to TNFi monotherapy.

TL;DR: Wong et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the risks of drug-induced liver injury potentially associated with the use of molnupiravir or ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir in real-world setting.

TL;DR: Kanwal et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a stepwise algorithm to identify adults at risk for NAFLD who have elevated risk for clinically significant hepatic fibrosis and should be referred to hepatology.

TL;DR: A 60-year-old woman presented with recurrent abdominal pain, loose stools, malaise, anorexia, and low-grade fevers as mentioned in this paper , where computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated subtle inflammation and wall thickening of the sigmoid colon suggestive of uncomplicated diverticulitis.

TL;DR: Brevini et al. as mentioned in this paper identified farnesoid X receptor (FXR) as a regulator of ACE2 expression and showed that FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2.

TL;DR: Abboud et al. as mentioned in this paper reported an increase in pancreatic cancer incidence in females of 2.36% (from 1.97% to 2.75%), which is almost 4 times higher than that seen in males of 0.22%.

TL;DR: In this paper , the presence of anti-αvβ6 antibodies in the pre-clinical phase of UC and studied their association with disease-related outcomes after diagnosis was tested for a distinct external validation cohort (GEM).

TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyzed publicly available transcriptomic datasets from patients with NASH, and used mice with conditional overexpression or ablation of Spp1 in myeloid cells and liver MFs, and fed them a high-fat, fructose and cholesterol diet mimicking the Western diet to induce NASH.