Showing papers in "International Journal for Parasitology in 1998"

TL;DR: Dogs are a definitive host of Neospora caninum, and mice inoculated with canine faecal extracts were monitored for evidence of neosporosis using a variety of morphologic, immunohistologic, serologic, and genetic analyses.

TL;DR: Of all the methods currently available to assess stage conversion of T. gondii, feeding infective stages to cats is the most reliable method.

TL;DR: This review summarises aspects of current knowledge on the frequency of multiparasite infections, the factors which influence them, and their pathogenic significance.

TL;DR: This review discusses the mechanisms which can be invoked to contribute to the initial, as well as long-term, survival of Leishmania parasites in the host organism and suggests that together they might provide the safe environment which protects the parasite from elimination.

TL;DR: It seems that, in general, less classical Th2 controlled effector mechanisms, which remain poorly defined, are probably important in resistance to nematode parasites.

TL;DR: The development of parasite transformation by gene transfection has provided powerful tools to analyze the fate and function(s) of the corresponding proteins, and the findings of recent studies have extended the structural homologies of each set of organelles between most members of the phylum and suggest shared functions of eachSet.

TL;DR: My theory grew out of the notion that parasites were the majority of species, and I often wonder if they really are, but not only are they equal, but that parasites are greater than equal.

TL;DR: PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and single-strand conformation polymorphism methods were established for the unequivocal delineation of the three species and should provide valuable tools for studying the life-cycle, transmission pattern(s), population structure and diagnosis of anisakiasis in humans and animals.

TL;DR: There is reciprocity between the immune status of chicken and their excretion of oocysts for each species, ensuring continual stimulation of immune responses in birds on litter, and Paracox vaccine, comprising all seven Eimeria species, is shown to stimulate immunity to each of them independently.

TL;DR: The rRNA phylogenies provide the most consistent of molecular trees when evaluated in terms of evolution of ultrastructure, lifestyles and other phenotypic traits, and must place greater emphasis upon improved phylogenetic inference techniques and investigations of genomic diversity in protists.

TL;DR: The development of an "integrated genetic epidemiology of infectious diseases", that would explore the respective role of, and the interactions between, the genetic diversity of the pathogen, the host and the vector (in the case of vector-borne diseases) is called for.

TL;DR: These results are consistent with reports of effects of diets high in n-3 fatty acids on other protozoan parasites which suggest that the state of oxidative stress induced by these diets in the cells of both host and parasites is responsible for their parasitic actions.

TL;DR: Protozoa were not found in tissues of nude mice or knockout mice after subcutaneous injection with culture-derived S. falcatula merozoites and sporocysts from the faeces of opossums presumed to contain only S.Falcatula.

TL;DR: Caenorhabditis elegans has become a popular model system for genetic and molecular research, since it is easy to maintain and has a very fast life-cycle, and it is expected that by 1998 the complete sequence will be available.

TL;DR: The results show that bivesiculids may have three-host life-cycles in addition to the two-hostLife-cycles that have been demonstrated previously.

TL;DR: Of the mosquito-borne arboviruses, the encephalitic Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjin viruses are a major public health concern, but the arthritides Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses are more important in a public health sense, being responsible for a far greater number of infections.

TL;DR: Molecular typing of human parasite isolates from three well-characterised endemic regions of Chagas disease and from Amazonas State, where T. cruzi is enzootic, suggests that in some endemic areas in Brazil there is a preferential linkage between both cycles mediated by lineage-1 stocks.

TL;DR: Monitoring of experimentally infected calves for oocyst excretion indicated substantial increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the intraepithelial lymphocyte population of the ilea of infected calves at 7-9 days of age, and RT-PCR demonstrated increases in mRNA for interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma that correlated with increases in both CD4 andCD8 + intraepIThelial lymphocytes.

TL;DR: The ultrastructure of all four phases of Myxobolus cerebralis, schizogony, gametogonies, gametic development and sporogonic development, is demonstrated and discussed.

TL;DR: Studies in mice and chickens are providing a better understanding of the role of effector cells and soluble factors which control immune responses to Eimeria parasites, and the importance of CD8+TCR-alpha-beta+ T lymphocytes in host protective immunity to avian coccidiosis.

TL;DR: Host diet quality seems to be one of the major factors affecting the endoparasite community structure in these reef fishes, which seem to be influenced more by biological factors such as host immunity for the caligid larvae or parasite life-cycle for the gnathiid praniza larvae.

TL;DR: Analysis of the community structure of gastrointestinal helminths of five Antarctic and three tropical teleosts and of metazoan ectoparasites on the heads and gills of seven tropical fish species showed the following: abundance and prevalence of infection of endopar asites are similar in Antarctic and tropical fish, but are much greater for tropical than for Antarctic ectoprasites.

TL;DR: In this review, isotype-dependent effector mechanisms, such as complement activation, binding to Fc receptors, activation of phagocytic cells, neutralisation of parasite components, clearance of immune complexes and autoimmune responses, are discussed in the context of their potential impact on either susceptibility or tolerance of cattle to trypanosomosis.

TL;DR: The data suggest that oral infection of N. caninum via colostrum might be a possible route of vertical transmission in newborn calves, in addition to transplacental infection.

TL;DR: The data indicated that prenatal neosporosis appears as an important cause of bovine abortion in Switzerland and molecular and immunodiagnostic techniques were evaluated.

TL;DR: The ITS-2 sequences from seven worms of the Japanese triploid form of Fasciola, two of Fascia hepatica from Uruguay and four of FasCIola gigantica from Zambia and Indonesia were determined.

TL;DR: The principles and procedures used to evaluate anticoccidial efficacy were reviewed in a series of papers presented at a symposium held at the University of Georgia in May 1969, and much of the information presented remains valid today.

TL;DR: NADH oxidase is a major component of the electron transport pathway of Giardia which, in conjunction with disulphide reductase, protects oxygen-labile proteins such as ferredoxin and pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase against oxidative stress by maintaining a reduced intracellular environment.

TL;DR: The frequency of vertical transmission of naturally acquired Neospora infection in dogs is variable, but much too low to sustain infection alone, and post-natal infection must occur to maintain infection at seroprevalence rates reported in dog populations.

TL;DR: Data from cDNA cloning exercises indicate that all filarial species examined thus far express at least two peroxiredoxin variants which have been localised to diverse tissues, and these represent goals for future research.