Showing papers in "International Journal of Electronics in 2017"
TL;DR: A novel chaotic system including hyperbolic functions is proposed in this work, which has an infinite number of equilibrium points and can display coexisting chaotic attractors.
Abstract: Although chaotic systems have been intensively studied since the 1960s, new systems with mysterious features are still of interest. A novel chaotic system including hyperbolic functions is proposed in this work. Especially, the system has an infinite number of equilibrium points. Dynamics of the system are investigated by using non-linear tools such as phase portrait, bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov exponent. It is interesting that the system can display coexisting chaotic attractors. An electronic circuit for realising the chaotic system has been implemented. Experimental results show a good agreement with theoretical ones.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an interconnection and damping assignment (IDA) controller is proposed for regulating the output voltage and frequency of a three-phase DC-AC converter, independently of the supplied load.
Abstract: An interconnection and damping assignment (IDA) controller is proposed for regulating the output voltage and frequency of a three-phase DC–AC converter, independently of the supplied load. A modified IDA strategy is used to design the controller, in order to obtain a proper tracking of the reference variables. Moreover, the closed-loop stability is ensured through a proper choice of the desired energy function. Different from classical approaches, such as conventional PI control in dq coordinates, the proposed controller provides a better dynamic response while it allows performing a joint design of the voltage and current control loops. Besides, the proposed modified IDA design allows a more precise output voltage control when supplying nonlinear loads, when compared with the classical IDA design. Simulations and experimental results are presented for validating the proposal.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the DC and RF performance of a SiN passivated 20-nm gate length metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (MHEMT) on GaAs substrate with highly doped InGaAs source/drain (S/D) regions have investigated using the Synopsys TCAD tool.
Abstract: In this article, the DC and RF performance of a SiN passivated 20-nm gate length metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (MHEMT) on GaAs substrate with highly doped InGaAs source/drain (S/D) regions have investigated using the Synopsys TCAD tool. The 20-nm enhancement-mode (E-mode) MHEMT device also features δ-doped sheets on either side of the In0.53Ga0.47As/InAs/In0.53Ga0.47As channel which exhibits a transconductance of 3100 mS/mm, cut-off frequency (fT) of 740 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of 1040 GHz. The threshold voltage of the device is found to be 0.07 V. The room temperature Hall mobilities of the 2-dimensional sheet charge density are measured to be over 12,600 cm2/Vs with a sheet charge density larger than 3.6 × 1012 cm−2. These high-performance E-mode MHEMTs are attractive candidates for sub-millimetre wave applications such as high-resolution radars for space research, remote atmospheric sensing, imaging systems and also for low noise wide bandwidth amplifier f...
31 citations
TL;DR: The proposed technique outperforms the techniques under comparison, even if compared with the worst case peak signal-to-noise ratio obtained in the scheme.
Abstract: A blind digital image watermarking scheme based on spatial domain is presented and investigated in this paper. The watermark has been embedded in intermediate significant bit planes besides the least significant bit plane at the address locations determined by pseudorandom address vector (PAV). The watermark embedding using PAV makes it difficult for an adversary to locate the watermark and hence adds to security of the system. The scheme has been evaluated to ascertain the spatial locations that are robust to various image processing and geometric attacks JPEG compression, additive white Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, filtering and rotation. The experimental results obtained, reveal an interesting fact, that, for all the above mentioned attacks, other than rotation, higher the bit plane in which watermark is embedded more robust the system. Further, the perceptual quality of the watermarked images obtained in the proposed system has been compared with some state-of-art watermarking techni...
28 citations
TL;DR: Tunable Elfes Sensing Model is proposed, which is preferable in case of remote area application in WSNs, where nodes in the core of network closer to base station (BS) are modelled deterministically, whereas peripheral nodes are modelling probabilistically, and can model energy efficient system with large coverage area.
Abstract: Minimising energy dissipation and maximising network coverage are the crucial aspects of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The nodes of a sensor network are grouped into several non-overlapping subset to facilitate the network scalability and design of energy efficient system. Selecting optimal clusters provide significant gain in terms of network lifetime, system scalability, collision avoidance and end-to-end delay. Network coverage is another critical issue which depends on sensing model like deterministic sensing model and probabilistic sensing model. In this paper, we have proposed Tunable Elfes Sensing Model. This model is preferable in case of remote area application in WSNs, where nodes in the core of network closer to base station (BS) are modelled deterministically, whereas peripheral nodes are modelled probabilistically. Thus, we can model energy efficient system with large coverage area. In this paper, we have provided expression for optimal cluster using Tunable Elfes sensing model of ...
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel Field-Oriented Control (FOC) performance for star-connected 3-phase induction motor (IM) drives with an open-phase fault is investigated.
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation of a novel Field-Oriented Control (FOC) performance for star-connected 3-phase induction motor (IM) drives with an open-phase fault. The control system enables to work in healthy and faulty conditions without requiring any modifications to the conventional control structure but with modifications only in the control parameters. This introduced control topology leads to the mitigation of any speed and torque oscillations resulting from the asymmetrical conditions related with this type of fault. A comparative study for vector control strategy using the proposed and conventional methods is experimentally verified.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model reference adaptive control-based estimated algorithm is proposed for online multi-parameter identification of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines by taking an adaptive control based estimated algorithm.
Abstract: In this work, a model reference adaptive control-based estimated algorithm is proposed for online multi-parameter identification of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines By taking
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a double-gate SOI MOSFET with insulator packets (IPs) at the junction between channel and source/drain (S/D) ends is proposed.
Abstract: In this article, we study a novel double-gate SOI MOSFET structure incorporating insulator packets (IPs) at the junction between channel and source/drain (S/D) ends. The proposed MOSFET has great strength in inhibiting short channel effects and OFF-state current that are the main problems compared with conventional one due to the significant suppressed penetrations of both the lateral electric field and the carrier diffusion from the S/D into the channel. Improvement of the hot electron reliability, the ON to OFF drain current ratio, drain-induced barrier lowering, gate-induced drain leakage and threshold voltage over conventional double-gate SOI MOSFETs, i.e. without IPs, is displayed with the simulation results. This study is believed to improve the CMOS device reliability and is suitable for the low-power very-large-scale integration circuits.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a nested array and coprime array was introduced into sparse array to solve the problem of closed-form degree of freedom (DOF) for the arbitrary number of sensors with direction of departure and direction of arrival estimation.
Abstract: It is well known that sparse array can offer better angle resolution than that of uniform linear array (ULA) in the same number of physical sensors But in bistatic minimum redundancy sparse array multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar, it cannot offer closed-form degree of freedom (DOF) for the arbitrary number of sensors with direction of departure and direction of arrival estimation Therefore, this article introduces a nested array and coprime array into sparse array to solve the problem First, construct no holes difference-coarray by extracting specified covariance matrix elements Then, transform the difference-coarray into ULA within bistatic MIMO radar through some mathematical operations As a result, many angle estimation methods for traditional ULA can be applied to the sparse bistatic MIMO array radar The proposed algorithm offers closed-form DOFs for sparse array and the array aperture is much larger than that of ULA with identical number of sensors The usefulness of the proposed me
23 citations
TL;DR: This work presents an expert-based model capable of better evaluating and examining various available renewable energy-harvesting techniques in urban surroundings subject to various technical and economic, often conflicting, criteria.
Abstract: Achieving most appropriate energy-harvesting technique for human implantable sensors is still challenging for the industry where keen decisions have to be performed. Moreover, the available polymer...
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a solar photovoltaic (PV) inverter with reduced harmonic distortions is proposed to improve the quality of electrical power by applying proper switching sequences required for the inverter switches.
Abstract: In addition to the focus towards growing demand on electrical energy due to the increase in population, industries, consumer loads, etc., the need for improving the quality of electrical power also needs to be considered. The design and development of solar photovoltaic (PV) inverter with reduced harmonic distortions is proposed. Unlike the conventional solar PV inverters, the proposed inverter provides the advantages of reduced harmonic distortions thereby intend towards the improvement in power quality. This inverter comprises of multiple stages which provides the required 230VRMS, 50 Hz in spite of variations in solar PV due to temperature and irradiance. The reduction of harmonics is governed by applying proper switching sequences required for the inverter switches. The detailed analysis is carried out by employing different switching techniques and observing its performance. With a separate mathematical model for a solar PV, simulations are performed in MATLAB software. To show the advantage ...
TL;DR: In this article, an improved predictive functional control (PFC) method is developed by embedding disturbance information into the system model, where disturbance observer (DOB) is employed to estimate the lumped disturbances.
Abstract: In common design of prediction model-based control method, usually disturbances are not considered in the prediction model as well as the control design. For the control systems with large amplitude or strong disturbances, it is difficult to precisely predict the future outputs according to the conventional prediction model, and thus the desired optimal closed-loop performance will be degraded to some extent. To this end, an improved predictive functional control (PFC) method is developed in this paper by embedding disturbance information into the system model. Here, a composite prediction model is thus obtained by embedding the estimated value of disturbances, where disturbance observer (DOB) is employed to estimate the lumped disturbances. So the influence of disturbances on system is taken into account in optimisation procedure. Finally, considering the speed control problem for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system, a control scheme based on the improved PFC method is designed...
TL;DR: In this paper, a square loop antenna under even-mode operation is analyzed and an approximate model based on equivalent multiple sources is developed to describe its radiation characteristics, and the calculated results of the proposed model are validated by a few classical analytical models at first.
Abstract: A square loop antenna under even-mode operation is analysed and an approximate model based on equivalent multiple sources is developed to describe its radiation characteristics. The calculated results of the proposed model are validated by a few classical analytical models at first. The proposed model is then applied to analyse traditional linearly polarised (LP) and circularly polarised (CP) loop antennas. Afterwards, it is further used to design a new loop-dipole combined antenna in the step-by-step procedure. It is theoretically exhibited that a loop antenna under even-mode excitation can work together a conventional dipole antenna with odd-mode feeding to form a new complementary antenna with cardiac-shaped radiation pattern. Finally, a prototype antenna is designed, fabricated and measured at the 2–3 GHz band. The operating fractional bandwidth of the proposed antenna can achieve up to 30% in both theory and measurement. In addition to that the proposed approximate model for the square loop a...
Abstract: Mechanical distortion errors in active phased-array antennas (APAA) include both random error and mechanical distortion. Random error is generated during the manufacturing and assembly process, and mechanical distortion is caused by external loads such as high thermal difference, vibration and impact loads. The combination of random error and mechanical distortion results in unexpected and significant degradation of the antenna electromagnetic performance, which has become an obstacle to development of high-performance APAA. After introducing the mechanical distortion errors into the antenna electric field as an additional phase factor, a coupled structural-electromagnetic model of the planar rectangular APAA was developed to describe the coupling relationship between mechanical distortion error and electromagnetic performance. The combined influences of the radiated element numbers, mechanical distortion and element position random error on the antenna electromagnetic performances are analysed, a...
TL;DR: A double-gate FinFET (DGFET) technology which mitigates leakage current and higher ON state current when scaling is done beyond 32 nm is discussed, which shows tremendous reduction in average power consumption and delay.
Abstract: Aggressive scaling of single-gate CMOS device face greater challenge in nanometre technology as sub-threshold and gate-oxide leakage currents increase exponentially with reduction of channel length. This paper discusses a double-gate FinFET (DGFET) technology which mitigates leakage current and higher ON state current when scaling is done beyond 32 nm. Here 8 and 16 input OR gate domino logic circuits are simulated on 32 nm FinFET Predictive technology model (PTM) on HSPICE. Simulation results of different 8 input OR gate domino logic circuits like Current-mirror footed domino (CMFD), High-speed clock-delayed (HSCD), Modified-HSCD (M-HSCD), Conditional evaluation domino logic (CEDL) and Conditional stacked keeper domino logic (CSK-DL), all operated in Short Gate (SG) and Low Power (LP) mode, shows tremendous reduction in average power consumption and delay. In this paper, domino logic-based circuit Ultra-Low Power Stack Dual-Phase Clock (ULPS-DPC) is proposed for both CMOS and FinFET (SG and LP mo...
TL;DR: In this article, a wearable functional electrical stimulator controlled by Android phone with real-time-varying stimulation parameters for multichannel surface functional electrical stimulation application has been developed.
Abstract: In this paper, a wireless wearable functional electrical stimulator controlled by Android phone with real-time-varying stimulation parameters for multichannel surface functional electrical stimulation application has been developed. It can help post-stroke patients using more conveniently. This study focuses on the prototype design, including the specific wristband concept, circuits and stimulation pulse-generation algorithm. A novel stimulator circuit with a driving stage using a complementary current source technique is proposed to achieve a high-voltage compliance, a large output impedance and an accurate linear voltage-to-current conversion. The size of the prototype has been significantly decreased to 17 × 7.5 × 1 cm3. The performance of the prototype has been tested with a loaded resistor and wrist extension/flexion movement of three hemiplegic patients. According to the experiments, the stimulator can generate four-channel charge-balanced biphasic stimulation with a voltage amplitude up to ...
TL;DR: The effectiveness of proposed optimal channel utilisation against the different modulation schemes such as three-dimensional complementary codes, linear network coding with the quadrature phase shift keying in terms of the average block error probability and bit error rate is investigated.
Abstract: Multi-users (MUs) along the communication links cause noise and traffic in the channel. The prediction of availability and the optimal usage of channels are the main objectives of the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. Several optimisation algorithms select the optimal channel for the users effectively. But the high-error rate and the probability values are the two major problems in traditionally optimised channel selection methods. The bandwidth allotted for information transmission is minimum. Moreover, the outage probability values are maximum in traditional scheduling algorithms. This paper proposes the new optimisation algorithm that predicts the channels for transmission and adaptive spectrum matching concept to predict the suitable channel from allocated bands. Also, the prioritisation on high-spectrum intensity basis assures an efficient data delivery to the receiver. The scheduling of available channels and data prioritisation minimises the error probability rates. This paper investi...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors aim at synchronisation between the sensor nodes by balancing the energy consumption between the sensors and choosing the cluster head with the highest residual energy in order to guarantee reliability, integrity and continuity of communication.
Abstract: This paper aims at synchronisation between the sensor nodes. Indeed, in the context of wireless sensor networks, it is necessary to take into consideration the energy cost induced by the synchronisation, which can represent the majority of the energy consumed. On communication, an already identified hard point consists in imagining a fine synchronisation protocol which must be sufficiently robust to the intermittent energy in the sensors. Hence, this paper worked on aspects of performance and energy saving, in particular on the optimisation of the synchronisation protocol using cross-layer design method such as synchronisation between layers. Our approach consists in balancing the energy consumption between the sensors and choosing the cluster head with the highest residual energy in order to guarantee the reliability, integrity and continuity of communication (i.e. maximising the network lifetime).
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of barrier thickness and gate length on the various device parameters of double-gate high electron mobility transistors (DG-HEMTs) was investigated.
Abstract: The paper reports on the influence of a barrier thickness and gate length on the various device parameters of double gate high electron mobility transistors (DG-HEMTs). The DC and RF perfor...
TL;DR: Two fixed coefficient filter architectures with the new modular multiplication approach are proposed to implement a residue number system (RNS)-based fixed coefficient finite impulse response filter and one of the proposed architecture is found to improve PDP gain by 60.83% as compared with the filter implemented with conventional modular multiplier.
Abstract: In this work, an efficient new modular multiplication method for {2k−1, 2k, 2k+1−1} moduli set is proposed to implement a residue number system (RNS)-based fixed coefficient finite impulse response filter. The new multiplication approach reduces the number of partial products by using pre-loaded product block. The reduction in partial products with the proposed modular multiplication improves the clock frequency and reduces the area and power as compared with the conventional modular multiplication. Further, the present approach eliminates a binary number to residue number converter circuit, which is usually needed at the front end of RNS-based system. In this work, two fixed coefficient filter architectures with the new modular multiplication approach are proposed. The filters are implemented using Verilog hardware description language. The United Microelectronics Corporation 90 nm technology library has been used for synthesis and the results area, power and delay are obtained with the help of C...
TL;DR: This study proposes an optimal power allocation scheme for the OFDM-based CR system with one SU influenced by multiple PU interference constraints, based on an improved artificial fish swarm (IAFS) algorithm in combination with the advantage of conventional artificial fish Swarm (ASF) algorithm and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm.
Abstract: In cognitive radio (CR) systems, reasonable power allocation can increase transmission rate of CR users or secondary users (SUs) as much as possible and at the same time insure normal communication among primary users (PUs). This study proposes an optimal power allocation scheme for the OFDM-based CR system with one SU influenced by multiple PU interference constraints. This scheme is based on an improved artificial fish swarm (IAFS) algorithm in combination with the advantage of conventional artificial fish swarm (ASF) algorithm and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm. In performance comparison of IAFS algorithm with other intelligent algorithms by simulations, the superiority of the IAFS algorithm is illustrated; this superiority results in better performance of our proposed scheme than that of the power allocation algorithms proposed by the previous studies in the same scenario. Furthermore, our proposed scheme can obtain higher transmission data rate under the multiple PU interference ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed modeling and analysis of a switched inductor (SI)-based improved single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) has been presented, where the input and output side inductors are replaced with SI structures.
Abstract: In this paper, a detailed modelling and analysis of a switched inductor (SI)-based improved single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) has been presented. To increase the gain of conventional SEPIC converter, input and output side inductors are replaced with SI structures. Design and stability analysis for continuous conduction mode operation of the proposed SI-SEPIC converter has also been presented in this paper. State space averaging technique is used to model the converter and carry out the stability analysis. Performance and stability analysis of closed loop configuration is predicted by observing the open loop behaviour using Nyquist diagram and Nichols chart. System was found to stable and critically damped.
TL;DR: The challenges faced by battery powered systems are examined, and more general problems are explored, and several real-world embedded systems are explored.
Abstract: The applications and uses of embedded systems is increasingly pervasive. Mission and safety critical systems relying on embedded systems pose specific challenges. Embedded systems is a multi-disciplinary domain, involving both hardware and software. Systems need to be designed in a holistic manner so that they are able to provide the desired reliability and minimise unnecessary complexity. The large problem landscape means that there is no one solution that fits all applications of embedded systems. With the primary focus of these mission and safety critical systems being functionality and reliability, there can be conflicts with business needs, and this can introduce pressures to reduce cost at the expense of reliability and functionality. This paper examines the challenges faced by battery powered systems, and then explores at more general problems, and several real-world embedded systems.
TL;DR: In this article, the Bode plots of the inverter control function at the operating point are measured and the results of the measurements using the proper analytic function and to calculate the real values of inverter parameters.
Abstract: The design of a voltage source inverter (VSI) control system requires knowledge about its continuous or discrete model. The output filter inductance and the equivalent serial resistance, which is partly the result of power losses in the core, have values at the operating point that are significantly different from the assigned nominal values, particularly for iron-powder cores. Measurements using standard laboratory equipment are not sufficient because it is impossible to get the voltage and current of the operating point. So the best solution is to measure the Bode plots of the inverter control function at the operating point, to estimate the results of the measurements using the proper analytic function and to calculate the real values of the inverter parameters. Knowledge about the equivalent serial resistance enables the estimation of the inverter power losses. Two approaches to measurements are shown – one that does not require any additional equipment and the other that uses a specialised sy...
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed model of dark current has been developed from the self-consistent solution of the coupled Schrodinger-Poisson equations and four major types of electronhole pair (EHP) generation mechanisms such as (1) thermal generation, (2) band-to-band tunnelling, (3) trap-assisted tunneling generation and (4) avalanche generation are considered for calculating variation of the total dark current with reverse bias voltage.
Abstract: Multiple quantum barriers have been used to suppress the dark current of nanoscale avalanche photodiodes (APDs). The n+–π–p+-structured Si–3C-SiC heterojunction-based multiple quantum barrier (MQB) APDs are considered and a detailed model of dark current has been developed from the self-consistent solution of the coupled Schrodinger–Poisson equations. Four major types of electron–hole pair (EHP) generation mechanisms such as (1) thermal generation, (2) band-to-band tunnelling generation, (3) trap-assisted tunnelling generation and (4) avalanche generation are considered for calculating variation of the total dark current with reverse bias voltage. It is observed that the dark current can be suppressed significantly by increasing both the number and thickness of quantum barriers. However, the authors have also admitted that both the number and thickness of quantum barriers cannot be increased indefinitely, since it will cause deterioration in spectral response of the device in near-infrared range (...
TL;DR: In this article, a tunable impedance matching technique based on optimum coupling tuning was proposed to enhance the efficiency of magnetic resonant coupled wireless power transfer (WPT), where the axial movement of near-field coupled coils adversely degrades the power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the system and often creates sub-resonance.
Abstract: For magnetic resonant coupled wireless power transfer (WPT), the axial movement of near-field coupled coils adversely degrades the power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the system and often creates sub-resonance. This paper presents a tunable impedance matching technique based on optimum coupling tuning to enhance the efficiency of resonant coupled WPT system. The optimum power transfer model is analysed from equivalent circuit model via reflected load principle, and the adequate matching are achieved through the optimum tuning of coupling coefficients at both the transmitting and receiving end of the system. Both simulations and experiments are performed to evaluate the theoretical model of the proposed matching technique, and results in a PTE over 80% at close coil proximity without shifting the original resonant frequency. Compared to the fixed coupled WPT, the extracted efficiency shows 15.1% and 19.9% improvements at the centre-to-centre misalignment of 10 and 70 cm, respectively. Applying this ...
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between surface loss and field flatness in an extended interaction device (EID) has been studied, where the authors used a W-band nine-slot EID operating in the 2π mode.
Abstract: The relationship between surface loss and field flatness in extended interaction device (EID) has been studied. The field flatness can influence the surface loss in the circuit and hence the efficiency of the device without changing the operation mode. A W-band nine-slot extended interaction circuit operating in the 2π mode has been used in this article. As an oscillator, the nine-slot interaction circuit has different surface loss regions when the field flatness is different. In the study of EID, the operation point is mainly determined by the slow wave structure, but the field flatness should also be studied carefully for it influences the surface loss in the circuit and hence the efficiency of the device.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived the discrete iterative map model of the converter and showed that the system may lose stability as the variation of system parameters in periodic-1 operation.
Abstract: Bifurcation and chaos characteristics of single phase power converter in switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system are studied by establishing its corresponding discrete iterative map model in this article. The discrete iterative map model of the converter is first derived. The stability theoretical analysis shows that the system may lose stability as the variation of system parameters in periodic-1 operation. With the bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents’ analyses, the operation state regions of current-controlled single phase of SRM drive can shift among stable periodic-1 region, chaos region and multi-periodic region. To verify the theoretical analysis results, time-domain waveforms and power spectra of current-controlled single phase of SRM drive are obtained by Runge–Kutta algorithm. Moreover, theoretical analysis and simulation results are verified by experimental circuit.
TL;DR: The results show that the impact of RTRI can be significantly reduced by increasing the number of antennas and relays and thePRS-1 scheme outperforms the PRS-2 scheme.
Abstract: In this paper, we study the impact of residual transmit radio-frequency impairments (RTRIs) on a dual-hop energy-harvesting system in which a source and a destination both having multiple antennas communicate to each other with the help of single-antenna amplify-and-forward (AF) relays The source and destination employ maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and maximal ratio combining (MRC), respectively, to exploit the benefits of using multiple antennas To simplify the system complexity, we propose two partial relay selection (PRS) schemes (RSSs) that maximise the combined channel gains of the first hop (PRS-1 scheme) and the second hop (PRS-2 scheme), respectively Both time-switching relaying (TSR) and power-splitting relaying (PSR) protocols are examined In order to evaluate the system performance, the analytical expressions for outage probability and ergodic capacity are derived, and then the throughput expressions for delay-limited and delay-tolerant transmission modes are formulated The anal
TL;DR: Three novel low-power and high-speed 1-bit inexact Full Adder cell designs are presented based on current mode logic in 32 nm carbon nanotube field effect transistor technology for the first time.
Abstract: In this paper, three novel low-power and high-speed 1-bit inexact Full Adder cell designs are presented based on current mode logic in 32 nm carbon nanotube field effect transistor technology for the first time. The circuit-level figures of merits, i.e. power, delay and power-delay product as well as application-level metric such as error distance, are considered to assess the efficiency of the proposed cells over their counterparts. The effect of voltage scaling and temperature variation on the proposed cells is studied using HSPICE tool. Moreover, using MATLAB tool, the peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed cells is evaluated in an image-processing application referred to as motion detector. Simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed cells.