Showing papers in "Journal of Dairy Science in 2019"

TL;DR: This paper reviews the most recent literature about the effect of plant polyphenols on rumen microbiota responsible for unsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation, fiber digestion, and methane production, taking into consideration the advances in microbiota analysis achieved in the last 10 yr.

TL;DR: Methods to study ruminant N metabolism have been developed over 150 yr of animal nutrition research, but many of them are laborious and impractical for application on a large number of animals and results can be variable, especially the methods based on measurements of digesta or blood flow.

TL;DR: Results support the recommendation of prepartum acidogenic diets to result in a negative DCAD to parous cows with improvements in lactation performance and reduced risk of diseases; however, the range of DCAD fed did not allow for detection of an optimum value for postpartum performance.

TL;DR: The present review collects and summarizes knowledge about lactose by covering and linking several aspects of this trait in bovine milk and perspectives on the use of milk lactose in dairy cattle, especially for selection purposes, are outlined.

TL;DR: Prevalence of AMR in mastitis pathogens was high on large Chinese dairy farms, potentially jeopardizing both antimicrobial efficacy and public health, and highlighted the need for improvements in antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs in largeChinese dairy farms to reduce emergence of AMr.

TL;DR: It is postulate that DR7 alleviated the symptoms of URTI by improving inflammatory parameters and enhancing immunomodulatory properties.

TL;DR: It is proposed that metritis is associated with a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiota characterized by decreased richness, and an increase in Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, particularly Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and FUSobacterium.

TL;DR: The scientific peer-reviewed literature on cow and calf health provides no consistent evidence in support of early separation, and conclusion is that conventional rearing versus cow-calf contact systems should not be considered.

TL;DR: With the promising success from genomic selection but low power of GWAS on dairy fertility traits, this review calls for continuous data collection of fertility traits to enable more powerful studies of dairy fertility in the future.

TL;DR: A positive role for increased Mg intake between groups for increased milk fat yield and in reducing the risk of retained placenta was identified and a need for more studies on the effects of a lower DCAD on nulliparous transition cows is suggested.

TL;DR: It is concluded that clinical disease diagnosed and treated during the first 21 DIM has long-term effects on lactation performance, reproduction, and culling of dairy cows, which contribute to detrimental consequences of health problems on sustainability of dairy herds.

TL;DR: Further research is needed to enhance the understanding of the various factors that counteract barrier impairment and help barrier restoration during acidogenic feeding, especially when concurring with unavoidable periods of feed restriction.

TL;DR: It is found that extended cow-calf contact aggravates the acute distress responses and reduces the amount of saleable milk while the calves are suckling, but it can have positive effects on behaviors relevant to welfare in the longer term and benefit calf growth.

TL;DR: The intention is to update the concepts and advances in the area of research regarding milk phospholipids or polar lipid fraction as part of a dairy ingredient used today in nutritional studies that focus on gut health as well as brain development of infants.

TL;DR: Some of the important factors affecting the colloidal structure of casein micelles, their destabilization and network formation, namely, processing history, volume fraction, composition of the serum phase, and ionic equilibrium are highlighted.

TL;DR: Analysis of milk from 45 farms situated in 2 geographical areas in Norway showed that this microbiota is a dynamic community highly subject to variation, and that Bacillus and Streptococcus populations changed between collection days from the same farm and between farms and geographical areas.

TL;DR: It is recognized that the high anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the L. bulgaricus 151 and S. thermophilus MK-10 set possess the ability to modulate the intestinal mucosal and systemic immune system toward both IgA production and induction of regulatory T cells, shifting Th1/Th2 balance.

TL;DR: Biological technologies for increasing fiber utilization such as application of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, live yeasts, and yeast culture have had equivocal effects on forage fiber digestion in individual studies, but recent meta-analyses indicate that their overall effects are positive.

TL;DR: Cows exposed to prepartum cooling during the entire dry period had increased dry matter intake compared with cows exposed to heat stress during the late dry period, and HT at any time during the dry period compromises performance of cows after calving.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the antioxidant activity of WPI after exposure to the harsh conditions of the upper gut significantly increased compared with intact WPI, and α-lactalbumin should be the preferred whey protein in food formulations to boost antioxidant defenses.

TL;DR: Sensory profiles showed nonsignificant differences in bitter and salty perceptions of salt-substituted cheeses with calcium lactate and calcium citrate with alkalinizing organic salts, which could replace the acidifying salts KCl or CaCl2, which are currently used in salt replacement and not recommended for consumers with renal disease.

TL;DR: It is concluded that microbial diversity in the rumen experiences a transient reduction after calving, whereas in the colon, the reduction is maintained at least until 21 d in milk.

TL;DR: On-farm measurements for temperature and relative humidity were combined into temperature-humidity indexes (THI), and merged with longitudinal cow traits from electronic recording systems to quantify the effect of heat stress (HS) from different points in time on production, female fertility, and health traits.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates a multispecies probiotic and yeast bolus administered to calves at the onset of diarrhea reduced the duration of diarrhea; however, the clinical and economic relevance of this reduction requires further exploration.

TL;DR: Investigation of the expression patterns of genes involved in the hepatic fatty acids uptake, transport, activation, β-oxidation, synthesis, and esterification in the cows with subclinical ketosis or clinical ketosis indicated that liver fatty acids and TG synthesis are significantly increased in cows with SCK and CK, thereby inducing hepatic steatosis in CK cows.

TL;DR: Biochemical and probiotic properties of L. lactis strains varied depending on the strain and some of these strains could be used as functional cultures depending on their properties, however, these strains did not possess all of the properties required to meet the definition of a probiotic.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MIR spectroscopy of milk shows promise for predicting the concentration of BHB, fatty acids, and urea in serum; however, more data are needed to improve prediction accuracies.

TL;DR: It was revealed that rumen bacterial richness and the relative abundances of several bacterial taxa significantly differed between dairy cows with high and low milk protein yields, suggesting the potential roles of rumen microbiota contributing to milk protein yield in dairy cows.

TL;DR: The aim of the present review is to elucidate metabolic challenges and adaptational limitations at different functional stages of the mammary gland in dairy cows, and derive perspectives for sustainable milk production.

TL;DR: Seasonality had significant effects on the partitioning of G-κ-CN between the micelle and the serum phase, the extent of whey protein-casein micelle association under both heating conditions, and the caseinmicelle size of the UHT milk.