Showing papers in "Journal of Environmental Radioactivity in 2008"

TL;DR: The ERICA Tool guides the user through the assessment process, recording information and decisions and allowing the necessary calculations to be performed to estimate risks to selected animals and plants.

TL;DR: This paper aims to review the advantages and limitations of each of the three FRNs and to identify key knowledge gaps linked to their use, and guidelines for selecting the most appropriate FRN and associated approach are provided.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the biosorption rate could be better described by a pseudo 2nd- order model than a pseudo 1st-order model, and proved that carboxyl in the cell wall played an important role in biosOrption.

TL;DR: An overview to the ERICA Integrated Approach is provided, making use of all relevant databases and with a number of issues and options listed to support and guide decision-making, of the assessment and management of environmental risks from ionising radiation.

TL;DR: The use of quality scores to help users of the FREDERICA radiation effects database determine which papers may benefit their research in terms of techniques and reproducibility are explained.

TL;DR: The methodologies applied to derive default transfer parameters, collated within the ERICA Tool databases, are described to provide transparency and traceability in the documentation process.

TL;DR: The data suggest that equilibrium between (137)Cs and stable Cs was not reached among those fractions, even though most of the ( 137)Cs that had been deposited on the soil was derived from fallout weapons tests that occurred several decades ago.

TL;DR: The methodology used to derive the default terrestrial ecosystem concentration ratio database available within the ERICA Tool is described and details of the provenance of each value for terrestrial reference organisms are provided.

TL;DR: The concentrations of natural radionuclides in surface soils around Adana, Turkey were determined using gamma ray spectrometry with an HPGe detector and the annual effective dose to the public was found to be 82 microSv.

TL;DR: The natural radioactivity due to presence of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K radionuclides in raw materials, intermediate products (clinker) and end products (22 different cement types) was measured using a gamma-ray spectrometry with HPGe detector.

TL;DR: The technique of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry is used to demonstrate the potential of anthropogenic Pu as an alternative to (137)Cs as a tracer of soil transport in Australia.

TL;DR: The ERICA Integrated Approach requires that a risk assessment screening dose rate is defined for the risk characterisation within Tiers 1 and 2, and the effects analysis must be driven by the problem formulation and is thus highly case specific.

TL;DR: In this paper, both soil and plant samples collected from the study area were investigated for their natural radioactivity to determine the uranium uptake by crops and hence to estimate the effective dose equivalent to human consumption.

TL;DR: Higher transfer factors for TF of natural radionuclides in the region were observed in vegetable leaves than fruits and cereals leaves; the highest values of transfer factor (TF) for (238)U were found to be 0.1 for straw of chickpea and 2 in fruits of eggplant.

TL;DR: The underlying data and assumptions to assess doses to biota due to internal and external exposure for a wide range of masses and shapes living in various habitats are described.

TL;DR: The specific activity of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in 52 Turkish pumice samples collected from 11 geographical areas located in Central Anat Turkey, Eastern Anatolia, Mediterranean and Aegean regions was determined by gamma-ray spectrometry with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector.

TL;DR: Comparisons between the erosion documented for the period of heavy rainfall in 2005 with these medium-term erosion rates permits some tentative conclusions regarding the importance of extreme events and the impact of burning in increasing the erosion associated with the no-till system.

TL;DR: Estimation of the year of first detection in sediment profiles of fallout 137Cs and Pu measured by gamma and alpha spectrometry, respectively finds that for the latitude 30-40 degrees south of the equator the year for 137Cs is 1955 and Pu is generally earlier than 137Cs by 1-2 years.

TL;DR: Indoor radon survey and gamma activity measurements in soil samples were carried out in the Giresun province (Northeastern Turkey) and a model built by BEIR VI was used to predict the number of lung cancer deaths due to indoor radon exposure.

TL;DR: Adsorption of both Cs and Sr on all minerals was strongly irreversible, with Kd (desorption) being up to four-times greater than adsorption Kd, and the ratio of desorption and Cs Kd values (an assessment of irreversibility) was inversely related to adsor adaptation Kd.

TL;DR: An extensive compilation of the available radon release data is assembled for the various projects, including a comparison to predictions of radon behaviour where available, and an analysis of cumulative radon releases is developed and compared to the UNSCEAR approach.

TL;DR: Comparison of preliminary results of variability in radiocaesium isotope ratios with reports of Pu isotope ratio suggests (135)Cs/(137)Cs similarly varies with fuel and reactor conditions, and may be used to corroborate other methods of characterizing radioactive contamination.

TL;DR: The irregular distribution of SGD seen at Ubatuba is a characteristic of fractured rock aquifers, fed by coastal groundwater and recirculated seawater with small admixtures of groundwater, which is of potential environmental concern and has implications on the management of freshwater resources in the region.

TL;DR: In the present study, radon exhalation rate and the activity concentration of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K radionuclides in fly ash samples from Durgapur thermal power plant (WB) have been measured by "Sealed Can technique" using LR-115 type II detectors and a low level NaI (Tl) based gamma ray spectrometer, respectively.

TL;DR: Given the uncertainties of conducting a study such as this, the agreement observed between the TLD results and the predicted external dose rates gives confidence to the predictions of the ERICA Tool.

TL;DR: The results of a study to determine the exposure of terrestrial organisms in England and Wales to naturally occurring radionuclides, specifically (40)K, (238)U series and (232)Th series radion Euclidean series are presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive research project to investigate the radioactive properties of Cuban building materials was carried out because there is a lack of information on the radioactivity of such materials in Cuba.

TL;DR: A decreased resistance of neonates to starvation was observed in relation to dose rates, and possible mechanisms of gamma radiotoxicity for daphnid reproduction and implications for radioprotection are discussed.

TL;DR: A model based on the Finite Element Method was developed to simulate indoor behavior of radon, thoron and their progeny and it has been found that radon is distributed homogeneously, while the thoron concentration is rather inhomogeneous and decreases exponentially with the distance from the source.

TL;DR: The bivalve molluscs Meretrix casta have been identified to accumulate higher concentration of 210Po suggesting that they could serve as bio-indicator of radionuclides like 210Po in the Point Calimere ecosystem.