Showing papers in "Journal of High Energy Physics in 2000"
TL;DR: In this article, a non-singular pure-supergravity background dual to the field theory on all scales, with small curvature everywhere if the ‘t Hooft coupling gsM is large, was proposed.
Abstract: We revisit the singular IIB supergravity solution describing M fractional 3branes on the conifold [hep-th/0002159]. Its 5-form flux decreases, which we explain by showing that the relevant N = 1 SUSY SU(N+M)×SU(N) gauge theory undergoes repeated Seiberg-duality transformations in which N → N − M. Far in the IR the gauge theory confines; its chiral symmetry breaking removes the singularity of hep-th/0002159 by deforming the conifold. We propose a non-singular pure-supergravity background dual to the field theory on all scales, with small curvature everywhere if the ‘t Hooft coupling gsM is large. In the UV it approaches that of hep-th/0002159, incorporating the logarithmic flow of couplings. In the IR the deformation of the conifold gives a geometrical realization of chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We suggest that pure N = 1 Yang-Mills may be dual to strings propagating at small gsM on a warped deformed conifold. We note also that the standard model itself may lie at the base of a duality cascade.
2,429 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the perturbative dynamics of non-commutative field theories on R d, and find an intriguing mixing of the UV and the IR, which is reminiscent of the channel duality of the double twist diagram in open string theory.
Abstract: We study the perturbative dynamics of noncommutative field theories on R d , and find an intriguing mixing of the UV and the IR. High energies of virtual particles in loops produce non-analyticity at low momentum. Consequently, the low energy effective action is singular at zero momentum even when the original noncommutative field theory is massive. Some of the nonplanar diagrams of these theories are divergent, but we interpret these divergences as IR divergences and deal with them accordingly. We explain how this UV/IR mixing arises from the underlying noncommutativity. This phenomenon is reminiscent of the channel duality of the double twist diagram in open string theory.
1,413 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that with multiple fluxes the allowed values can form a sufficiently dense ''discretuum'' for M-theory compactifications on manifolds with non-trivial three-cycles.
Abstract: A four-form gauge flux makes a variable contribution to the cosmological constant. This has often been assumed to take continuous values, but we argue that it has a generalized Dirac quantization condition. For a single flux the steps are much larger than the observational limit, but we show that with multiple fluxes the allowed values can form a sufficiently dense `discretuum'. Multiple fluxes generally arise in M-theory compactifications on manifolds with non-trivial three-cycles. In theories with large extra dimensions a few four-forms suffice; otherwise of order 100 are needed. Starting from generic initial conditions, the repeated nucleation of membranes dynamically generates regions with λ in the observational range. Entropy and density perturbations can be produced.
1,388 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a study on the use of the Fis.Inst. Teorica Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Pamplona 145, 01405-900, Sao Paulo, SP
Abstract: Inst. de Fis. Teorica Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Pamplona 145, 01405-900, Sao Paulo, SP
921 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a direct correspondence between the classical evolution equations of supergravity and the renormalization group (RG) equations of the dual $4-d$ large $N$ gauge theory was proposed.
Abstract: We propose a direct correspondence between the classical evolution equations of $5-d$ supergravity and the renormalization group (RG) equations of the dual $4-d$ large $N$ gauge theory. Using standard Hamilton-Jacobi theory, we derive first order flow equations for the classical supergravity action $S$, that take the usual form of the Callan-Symanzik equations, including the corrections due to the conformal anomaly. This result gives direct support for the identification of $S$ with the quantum effective action of the gauge theory. In addition we find interesting new relations between the beta-functions and the counterterms that affect the $4-d$ cosmological and Newton constant.
910 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the stringy exclusion principle is due to a surprising large distance phenomenon, where massless single particle states become progressively less and less point-like as their angular momentum increases, and they blow up into spherical branes of increasing size.
Abstract: It has been known for some time that the AdS/CFT correspondence predicts a limit on the number of single particle states propagating on the compact spherical component of the AdS × S geometry. The limit is called the stringy exclusion principle. The physical origin of this effect has been obscure but it is usually thought of as a feature of very small distance physics. In this paper we will show that the stringy exclusion principle is due to a surprising large distance phenomenon. The massless single particle states become progressively less and less point-like as their angular momentum increases. In fact they blow up into spherical branes of increasing size. The exclusion principle is simply understood as the condition that the particle should not be bigger than the sphere that contains it.
855 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the correspondence between existence/stability of BPS states in type-II string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold and BPS solutions of four-dimensional N = 2 supergravity.
Abstract: We investigate the correspondence between existence/stability of BPS states in type-II string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold and BPS solutions of four-dimensional N = 2 supergravity. Some paradoxes emerge, and we propose a resolution by considering composite configurations. This in turn gives a smooth effective field theory description of decay at marginal stability. We also discuss the connection with 3-pronged strings, the Joyce transition of special lagrangian submanifolds, and Π-stability.
624 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a bottom-up approach to the building of particle physics models from string theory is proposed, where the building blocks are Type II D-branes which are combined appropriately to reproduce desirable features of a particle theory model: 1) Chirality ; 2) Standard Model group ; 3) N = 1 orN = 0 supersymmetry ; 4) Three quark-lepton generations.
Abstract: We propose a bottom-up approach to the building of particle physics models from string theory. Our building blocks are Type II D-branes which we combine appropriately to reproduce desirable features of a particle theory model: 1) Chirality ; 2) Standard Model group ; 3) N =1 orN = 0 supersymmetry ; 4) Three quark-lepton generations. We start such a program by studying congurations of D = 10, Type IIB D3-branes located at singularities. We study in detail the case of ZZN N =1 ; 0 orbifold singularities leading to the SM group or some left-right symmetric extension. In general, tadpole cancellation conditions require the presence of additional branes, e.g. D7-branes. For the N =1s upersymmetric case the unique twist leading to three quark-lepton generations is ZZ3, predicting sin 2 W =3 =14 = 0:21. The models obtained are the simplest semirealistic string models ever built. In the non-supersymmetric case there is a three-generation model for each ZZN, N> 4, but the Weinberg angle is in general too small. One can obtain a large class of D =4 compact models by considering the above structure embedded into a Calabi Yau compactication. We explicitly construct examples of such compact models using ZZ3 toroidal orbifolds and orientifolds, and discuss their properties. In these examples, global cancellation of RR charge may be achieved by adding anti-branes stuck at the xed points, leading to models with hidden sector gravity-induced supersymmetry breaking. More general frameworks, like F-theory compactications, allow completely N = 1 supersymmetric embeddings of our local structures, as we show in an explicit example.
548 citations
TL;DR: In this article, leading-log results for shear viscosity, electrical conductivity and flavor diffusion constants in both abelian and non-abelian high temperature gauge theories with various matter field content were derived.
Abstract: Leading-log results are derived for the shear viscosity, electrical conductivity and flavor diffusion constants in both abelian and non-abelian high temperature gauge theories with various matter field content.
528 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the same graviton can also blow up into a spherical D-brane in AdS5 with exactly the same quantum numbers (angular momentum and energy).
Abstract: Recently it was suggested that a graviton in AdS5 ? S5 with a large momentum along the sphere can blow up into a spherical D-brane in S5. In this paper we show that the same graviton can also blow up into a spherical D-brane in AdS5 with exactly the same quantum numbers (angular momentum and energy). These branes are BPS, preserving 16 of the 32 supersymmetries. We show that there is a BPS classical solution for SYM on S3 ? R with exactly the same quantum numbers. The solution has non-vanishing Higgs expectation values and hence is dual to the large brane in AdS.
467 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the condensation of the tachyon mode alone into the stationary point of its cubic potential cancels about 70% of the Dbrane tension.
Abstract: It has been conjectured that at a stationary point of the tachyon potential for the D-brane of bosonic string theory, the negative energy density exactly cancels the D-brane tension. We evaluate this tachyon potential by off-shell calculations in open string field theory. Surprisingly, the condensation of the tachyon mode alone into the stationary point of its cubic potential is found to cancel about 70% of the D-brane tension. Keeping relevant scalars up to four mass levels above the tachyon, the energy density at the shifted stationary point cancels 99% of the D-brane tension.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed anomalous effects in the one-loop approximation to gauge theories on non-commutative spaces and showed that contrary to expectations poles in θ do occur and lead to large discrepancies between the expected and actual infrared behavior.
Abstract: Quantum field theory on non-commutative spaces does not enjoy the usual ultraviolet-infrared decoupling that forms the basis for conventional renormalization. The high momentum contributions to loop integrations can lead to unfamiliar long distance behavior which can potentially undermine naive expectations for the IR behavior of the theory. These ``anomalies" involve non-analytic behavior in the noncommutativity parameter θ making the limit θ→0 singular. In this paper we will analyze such effects in the one loop approximation to gauge theories on non-commutative space. We will see that contrary to expectations poles in θ do occur and lead to large discrepancies between the expected and actual infrared behavior. We find that poles in θ are absent in supersymmetric theories. The ``anomalies" are generally still present, but only at the logarithmic level. A notable exception is non-commutative super Yang-Mills theory with 16 real supercharges in which anomalous effects seem to be absent altogether.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors constructed six-and four-dimensional toroidal compactifications of the Type I string with magnetic flux on the D-branes and investigated the spectra of such non-commutative string compactifications.
Abstract: We construct six- and four-dimensional toroidal compactifications of the Type I string with magnetic flux on the D-branes. The open strings in this background probe a noncommutative internal geometry. Phenomenologically appealing features such as chiral fermions and supersymmetry breaking in the gauge sector are naturally realized by these vacua. We investigate the spectra of such noncommutative string compactifications and in a bottom-up approach discuss the possibility to obtain the standard or some GUT like model.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the tension of the D25-brane is cancelled by tachyon condensation and compute exactly the profiles and tensions of lower dimensional D-branes.
Abstract: The study of open string tachyon condensation in string field theory can be drastically simplified by making an appropriate choice of coordinates on the space of string fields. We show that a very natural coordinate system is suggested by the connection between the worldsheet renormalization group and spacetime physics. In this system only one field, the tachyon, condenses while all other fields have vanishing expectation values. These coordinates are also well-suited to the study of D-branes as solitons. We use them to show that the tension of the D25-brane is cancelled by tachyon condensation and compute exactly the profiles and tensions of lower dimensional D-branes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a supersymmetric configuration of type II D-branes with nonzero B fields was analyzed using the kappa-symmetric world volume action, and it was shown that the usual instanton equation for the gauge field obtains a nonlinear deformation.
Abstract: Supersymmetric configurations of type II D-branes with nonzero gauge field strengths in general supersymmetric backgrounds with nonzero B fields are analyzed using the kappa-symmetric worldvolume action. It is found in dimension four or greater that the usual instanton equation for the gauge field obtains a nonlinear deformation. The deformation is parameterized by the topological data of the B-field, the background geometry and the cycle wrapped by the brane. In the appropriate dimensions, limits and settings these equations reduce to deformed instanton equations recently found in the context of noncommutative geometry as well as those following from Lagrangians based on Bott-Chern forms. We further consider instantons comprised of M5-branes wrapping a Calabi-Yau space with non-vanishing three-form field strengths. It is shown that the instanton equations for the three-form are related to the Kodaira-Spencer equations.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study D-branes on the quintic CY by combining results from several directions: general results on holomorphic curves and vector bundles, stringy geometry and mirror symmetry, and the boundary states in Gepner models.
Abstract: We study D-branes on the quintic CY by combining results from several directions: general results on holomorphic curves and vector bundles, stringy geometry and mirror symmetry, and the boundary states in Gepner models recently constructed by Recknagel and Schomerus, to begin sketching a picture of D-branes in the stringy regime. We also make first steps towards computing superpotentials on the D-brane world-volumes.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited the tachyon lagrangian in the open string field theory using background independent approach of Witten from 1992 and claimed that the tree level lagrangians (up to second order in derivatives and modulo some class of field redefinitions) is given by L = e−T(∂T)2+(1+T)e−T. Upon obvious change of variables this leads to the potential energy −2log 2/e with canonical kinetic term.
Abstract: In these notes we revisit the tachyon lagrangian in the open string field theory using background independent approach of Witten from 1992. We claim that the tree level lagrangian (up to second order in derivatives and modulo some class of field redefinitions) is given by L = e−T(∂T)2+(1+T)e−T. Upon obvious change of variables this leads to the potential energy −2log 2/e with canonical kinetic term. This lagrangian may be also obtained from the effective tachyon lagrangian of the p-adic strings in the limit p→1. Applications to the problem of tachyon condensation are discussed.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the giant gravitons of McGreevy, Susskind and Toumbas and show that these are BPS configurations which preserve precisely the same supersymmetries as a ''point-like'' graviton.
Abstract: We investigate the ``giant gravitons'' of McGreevy, Susskind and Toumbas [1]. We demonstrate that these are BPS configurations which preserve precisely the same supersymmetries as a ``point-like'' graviton. We also show that there exist ``dual'' giant gravitons consisting of spherical branes expanding into the AdS component of the spacetime. Finally, we discuss the realization of the stringy exclusion principle within this expanded framework.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors employ T-duality to restrict the tachyon dependence of effective actions for non-BPS D-branes and satisfy the criteria of Tduality and supersymmetry by a simple extension of the Born-Infeld action.
Abstract: We employ T-duality to restrict the tachyon dependence of effective actions for non-BPS D-branes. For the Born-Infeld part the criteria of T-duality and supersymmetry are satisfied by a simple extension of the D-brane Born-Infeld action.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered supersymmetric theories where the standard-model quark and lepton fields are localized on a 3-brane in extra dimensions, while the gauge and Higgs fields propagate in the bulk.
Abstract: We consider supersymmetric theories where the standard-model quark and lepton fields are localized on a `3-brane' in extra dimensions, while the gauge and Higgs fields propagate in the bulk. If supersymmetry is broken on another 3-brane, supersymmetry breaking is communicated to gauge and Higgs fields by direct higher-dimension interactions, and to quark and lepton fields via standard-model loops. We show that this gives rise to a realistic and predictive model for supersymmetry breaking. The size of the extra dimensions is required to be of order 10-100 times larger than fundamental scale (e.g. the string scale). The spectrum is similar to (but distinguishable from) the predictions of `no-scale' models. Flavor-changing neutral currents are naturally suppressed. The μ term can be generated by the Giudice-Masiero mechanism. The supersymmetric CP problem is naturally solved if CP violation occurs only on the observable sector 3-brane. These are the simplest models in the literature that solve all supersymmetric naturalness problems.
TL;DR: In this paper, a broad class of stationary solutions with residual N = 1 supersymmetry of four-dimensional N = 2 supergravity theories with terms quadratic in the Weyl tensor were analyzed.
Abstract: We analyze a broad class of stationary solutions with residual N = 1 supersymmetry of four-dimensional N = 2 supergravity theories with terms quadratic in the Weyl tensor. These terms are encoded in a holomorphic function, which determines the most relevant part of the action and which plays a central role in our analysis. The solutions include extremal black holes and rotating field configurations, and may have multiple centers. We prove that they are expressed in terms of harmonic functions associated with the electric and magnetic charges carried by the solutions by a proper generalization of the so-called stabilization equations. Electric/magnetic duality is manifest throughout the analysis. We also prove that spacetimes with unbroken supersymmetry are fully determined by electric and magnetic charges. This result establishes the so-called fixed-point behavior according to which the moduli fields must flow towards certain prescribed values on a fully supersymmetric horizon, but now in a more general context with higher-order curvature interactions. We briefly comment on the implications of our results for the metric on the moduli space of extremal black hole solutions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors construct exact solutions describing black holes on two-branes in four dimensions and find that 2+1 gravity is recovered at large distances along the brane, although there are significant deviations at smaller scales.
Abstract: To test recent ideas about lower dimensional gravity bound to a brane, we construct exact solutions describing black holes on two-branes in four dimensions. We find that 2+1 gravity is indeed recovered at large distances along the brane, although there are significant deviations at smaller scales. Large black holes appear as flattened ``pancakes, with a relatively small extent off the brane. Black hole thermodynamics is discussed from both the standpoint of the brane and the bulk. We comment on the analogous black holes bound to higher dimensional branes.
TL;DR: In this article, the bounds on fermions with electric charge e and mass m.F or m.m ewe nd 10 15. <1 is excluded by laboratory experiments, astrophysics and cosmology.
Abstract: We update the bounds on fermions with electric charge e and mass m .F or m . m ewe nd 10 15 . <1 is excluded by laboratory experiments, astrophysics and cosmology. For larger masses, the limits are less restrictive and depend onm. For milli-charged neutrinos, the limits are stronger, especially if the dierentflavors mix as suggested by current experimental evidence.
TL;DR: In this article, states on the Coulomb branch of N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory were studied from the point of view of gauged supergravity in ve dimensions.
Abstract: States on the Coulomb branch ofN = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory are studied from the point of view of gauged supergravity in ve dimensions. These supersymmetric solutions provide examples of consistent truncation from type-IIB supergravity in ten dimensions. A mass gap for states created by local operators and perfect screening for external quarks arise in the supergravity approximation. Weoeraninterpretationofthesesurprising featuresintermsofensembles ofbrane distributions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the masses, multiplicities and spectrum of small fluctuations of D-branes on group manifolds were derived from Born-Infeld action in the case of the SU(2) group manifold, and they agree with the predictions of Conformal Field Theory, to all orders in the α' expansion.
Abstract: We explain how D-branes on group manifolds are stabilized against shrinking by quantized worldvolume U(1) fluxes. Starting from the Born-Infeld action in the case of the SU(2) group manifold we derive the masses, multiplicities and spectrum of small fluctuations of these branes, and show that they agree exactly with the predictions of Conformal Field Theory, to all orders in the α' expansion. We discuss the generalization to other groups and comment on an apparent paradox: why are the `RR charges' of these branes not quantized?
TL;DR: In this article, a treatment of linearized gravity is given in the Randall-Sundrum background, where the graviton propagator is found in terms of the scalar propagator, for which an explicit integral expression is provided.
Abstract: A treatment of linearized gravity is given in the Randall-Sundrum background. The graviton propagator is found in terms of the scalar propagator, for which an explicit integral expression is provided. This reduces to the four-dimensional propagator at long distances along the brane, and provides estimates of subleading corrections. Asymptotics of the propagator off the brane yields exponential falloff of gravitational fields due to matter on the brane. This implies that black holes bound to the brane have a ``pancake''-like shape in the extra dimension, and indicates validity of a perturbative treatment off the brane. Some connections with the AdS/CFT correspondence are described.
TL;DR: In this article, a non-critical string theory on a noncommutative spacetime was proposed, where the critical electric field prevents the theory from becoming a field theory on the non-computable spacetime.
Abstract: Searching for space/time noncommutativity we reconsider open strings in a constant background electric field. The main difference between this situation and its magnetic counterpart is that here there is a critical electric field beyond which the theory does not make sense. We show that this critical field prevents us from finding a limit in which the theory becomes a field theory on a noncommutative spacetime. However, an appropriate limit toward the critical field leads to a novel noncritical string theory on a noncommutative spacetime.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss possible large contributions to B→Xsγ, which can occur at the next-to-leading order in supersymmetric models, from terms enhanced by tan β factors, when the ratio between the two Higgs vacuum expectation values is large.
Abstract: We discuss possible large contributions to B→Xsγ, which can occur at the next-to-leading order in supersymmetric models. They can originate from terms enhanced by tan β factors, when the ratio between the two Higgs vacuum expectation values is large, or by logarithm of MSUSY/MW, when the supersymmetric particles are considerably heavier than the W boson. We give compact formulae which include all potentially large higher-order contributions. We find that tan β terms at the next-to-leading order do not only appear from the Hall-Rattazzi-Sarid effect (the modified relation between the bottom mass and Yukawa coupling), but also from an analogous effect in the top-quark Yukawa coupling. Finally, we show how next-to-leading order corrections, in the large tan β region, can significantly reduce the limit on the charged-Higgs mass, even if supersymmetric particles are very heavy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the scattering of wave packets in a field theory with space/time non-commutativity was studied and it was shown that such a theory is not acausal.
Abstract: Field theories based on non-commutative spacetimes exhibit very distinctive non-local effects which mix the ultraviolet with the infrared in bizarre ways. In particular if the time coordinate is involved in the non-commutativity the theory seems to be seriously acausal and inconsistent with conventional hamiltonian evolution. To illustrate these effects we study the scattering of wave packets in a field theory with space/time non-commutativity. In this theory we find effects which seem to precede their causes and rigid rods which grow instead of Lorentz contract as they are boosted. These field theories are evidently inconsistent and violate causality and unitarity. On the other hand open string theory in a background electric field is expected to exhibit space/time non-commutativity. This raises the question of whether they also lead to acausal behavior. We show that this is not the case. Stringy effects conspire to cancel the acausal effects that are present for the non-commutative field theory.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of anomalies on the supersymmetry-breaking parameters in supergravity theories were considered. And they constructed a supersymmetric expression for the anomaly-induced terms in the 1PI effective action and used this result to compute the complete one-loop formula for the anomalous gaugino mass.
Abstract: We consider the effects of anomalies on the supersymmetry-breaking parameters in supergravity theories. We construct a supersymmetric expression for the anomaly-induced terms in the 1PI effective action; we use this result to compute the complete one-loop formula for the anomaly-induced gaugino mass. The mass receives contributions from the super-Weyl, Kahler, and sigma-model anomalies of the supergravity theory. We point out that the anomaly-mediated gaugino mass can be affected by local counterterms that cancel the super-Weyl-Kahler anomaly. This implies that the gaugino mass cannot be predicted unless the full high-energy theory is known.