Showing papers in "Microbes and Infection in 2003"

TL;DR: This review summarises current knowledge of granule biology and highlights the effects of neutrophil degranulation in the acute inflammatory response.

TL;DR: Endophytes are a novel source of potentially useful medicinal compounds and an intensive search for newer and more effective agents to deal with health problems caused by various cancers, drug-resistant bacteria, parasitic protozoans, and fungi is under way.

TL;DR: Underappreciated features include the wide variety of extraintestinal infections E. coli can cause, the high incidence and associated morbidity, mortality, and costs of these diverse clinical syndromes, and increasing antimicrobial resistance.

TL;DR: It is becoming evident that biofilm resistance is multifactorial, and the contribution of each of the different mechanisms involved in bioFilm resistance is now beginning to emerge.

TL;DR: In this chapter, the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying phagosome formation and maturation in neutrophils are discussed.

TL;DR: Dysfunction of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase results in chronic granulomatous disease, with life-threatening infections in neutrophils and other phagocytic leukocytes.

TL;DR: Control, and possibly eradication, of H. pylori could likely be achieved through increased standards of living and improved public health, as it has in the industrialized world, however, these measures are distant objectives for most developing countries, making long-term control of the organism dependent on the development and administration of an effective vaccine.

TL;DR: Social network analysis offers important insight into how to conceptualize and model social interaction and has the potential to greatly enhance the understanding of disease epidemics.

TL;DR: The role of iNOS in the pathogenesis of various intracellular bacterial infections is discussed and a broad array of strategies to repair damage by reactive nitrogen intermediates, and to suppress or inhibit functions ofiNOS are discussed.

TL;DR: This data indicates that HIV has at least two routes to penetrate the vaginal epithelium and reach lymphoid tissues, trans-epithelial migration of infected Langerhans cells or virus penetration into the lamina propria through loss of epithelial integrity resulting in direct infection of lymphocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages.

TL;DR: This review focuses mainly on the pathogenesis of MCMV infection in immunocompetent and immunodeficient and/or immature mice and discusses the principles of immunosurveillance of infection and the mechanisms by which this virus evades immune control.

TL;DR: A critical summary of recent advances in the characterization of the molecules of the infected red blood cell involved in adhesion, i.e. parasite-encoded molecules (PfEMP1, MESA, rifins, stevor, clag 9, histidine-rich protein), a modified host membrane protein and exofacial exposure of phosphatidylserine are provided.

TL;DR: Due to its long-lasting inhibition of embryogenesis, doxycycline presents an additional strategy for the treatment of onchocerciasis and control of Onchocerca microfilariae transmission.

TL;DR: This review gives an overview on the epidemiology of H. pylori infection and H.pylori-associated diseases in the developed world, mainly Europe, and it discusses very recent developments with regard to the prevalence and its future implications.

TL;DR: A broad overview of what is known about transcription in the kinetoplastids and what has yet to be determined is presented.

TL;DR: The evolutionary development of such unique flagellins of low activating potential is proposed to be a novel mechanism of H. pylori to preserve the essential function of its flagella during chronic colonization of the stomach and to evade the deleterious host immune responses.

TL;DR: This infection model provides a convenient means of studying protective immune mechanisms not only for Francisella, but also for the large and important class of intracellular pathogens.

TL;DR: Cryptococcus neoformans is a human pathogenic fungus with virulence factors for mammalian pathogenesis that also contribute to environmental survival and selection pressures imposed by environmental predators.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the composition of the microflora may be important in modulating pro-inflammatory signalling in epithelial cells under normal as well as pathologic conditions.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that inhibitors of annexin II could have potential in treating RSV infection, as isolated as a potential RSV receptor on Hep2 cells.

TL;DR: While adenosinergic downregulation of tissue damage is beneficial in acute inflammation, chronic suppression of the immune system by adenosine may account for immunoparalysis in long-term septic patients.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests that resolution of neutrophil-mediated inflammation is facilitated by an apoptosis differentiation program, a final stage of transcriptionally regulated PMN maturation that is accelerated significantly by phagocytosis.

TL;DR: Overall, almost one quarter of the entire S. enterica sv Typhimurium genome may have been introduced by LGT, which plays an important role in diversity among Salmonella.

TL;DR: This review focuses on presenting the current knowledge of the HIV-1-specific Vpu protein and its essential role in regulating viral particle release, viral load and expression of the CD4 receptor.

TL;DR: Recent progress in knowledge of the protective immune response generated by Toxoplasma gondii and the current status of development of a vaccine for toxoplasmosis are highlighted.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Drosophila provides a viable model system in which to dissect the complex interactions that regulate phagocytosis, and analysis of double mutants suggests that D-SCAR and profilin interact during phagocytetosis.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent advancements in the understanding of the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae, including regulation of thetype III secretion genes, assembly of the Hrp pilus, secretion signals, the putative type III effectors identified to date, and their virulence action after translocation into plant cells.

TL;DR: A relationship between the ability of yeast isolates to kill larvae and changes in haemocyte density and yeast cell density in infected larvae is demonstrated and may extend the applicability of the G. mellonella system for use with a wider range of microbial isolates.

TL;DR: The present review summarizes the current understanding of TLR4-mediated recognition and addresses specific questions on microbial recognition on mucosal surfaces, with particular emphasis on the gastrointestinal and urinary tract.

TL;DR: Although LPS recognition may not be a major factor in engendering protection, the ability of F. novicida LPS to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha likely contributes to the increased virulence for mice of F.