Showing papers in "Neuroscience in 1996"

TL;DR: It is suggested that erythropoietin plays a neuroprotective role in brain injury caused by hypoxia or ischemia and that eriespheric-induced Ca2+ influx from outside of the cells is a critical initial event yielding an enhanced resistance of the neurons to glutamate toxicity.

TL;DR: The present study indicates that each portion of the prefrontal cortex has a distinctive projection to the amygdala, suggesting that they modulate separate prefrontal cortico-striatal-pallid circuits.

TL;DR: Monitoring of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and caudate-putamen revealed significant staining in postsynaptic and presynaptic structures and glial wrappings of presumptive excitatory synapses, suggesting that populations of mGluR2 and/or mGLUR3 receptors are localized differentially in synapses.

TL;DR: A potentially deleterious role of glial cells producing excessive levels of nitric oxide in Parkinson's disease, which may be neurotoxic for a subpopulation of dopaminergic neurons, especially those not expressing NADPH-diaphorase activity.

TL;DR: A strategy has been developed to identify and quantify the different neurochemical populations of myenteric neurons in the guinea-pig ileum using double-labelling fluorescence immunohistochemistry of whole-mount preparations, and a classification scheme, consistent with previous studies, is proposed.

TL;DR: It is proposed that orphanin FQ is a functional anti-opioid peptide that reverses opioid-mediated (i.e. naloxone-sensitive) stress-induced antinociception in three different algesiometric assays.

TL;DR: These observations are the first to demonstrate the production of this proinflammatory cytokine by peripheral nerve glia, and further support other studies from this laboratory suggesting that tumor necrosis factor has a pathogenic role in nerve injury.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the increased activity of the subthalamic neurons following a midbrain dopaminergic lesion cannot be due solely to inhibition-disinhibition involving the striato-pallido-subthalamic pathway and induced by the striatal dopaminaergic depletion.

TL;DR: A new element in cortical microcircuits, interneurons which are specialized to innervate other GABAergic interneuron types are revealed, which is likely to be involved in perisomatic inhibition of pyramidal neurons, and represents a new basket cell type different from that containing parvalbumin.

TL;DR: The present tracing study defines the basic network underlying the interconnections between the external segment of the globus pallidus and the subthalamic nucleus, and their connections with the output neurons of the basal ganglia in primates.

TL;DR: Dopamine has an enduring, activity-dependent action on the efficacy of corticostriatal transmission, which may be a cellular basis for the learning-related effects of the nigrostriatal system.

TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that peripheral nerve injury can result in severe losses in spinal inhibitory mechanisms, possibly leading to exaggerated sensory processes in persistent pain states and adrenal medullary transplants may provide a neuroprotective function in promoting recovery and improving long-term survival of GABAergic neurons in the spinal dorsal horn which have been damaged by excitotoxic injury.

TL;DR: There may be a preferential reduction of inhibitory GABAergic inputs to pyramidal neurons, particularly in layer II of the preferential cortex, in schizophrenia, which could potentially result in an increased excitatory outflow from the prefrontal area to other cortical regions of the schizophrenic brain.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that one neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, is transported anterogradely via both peripheral and central processes of spinal sensory neurons, adding a new dimension to the role of neuronal growth factors.

TL;DR: The distribution of nerves with the potential to synthesize nitric oxide was examined within the urinary bladder and proximal urethra of humans and guinea-pigs, and cGMP-immunoreactive nerve terminals were identified, providing anatomical evidence thatNitric oxide may function as a neurotransmitter in the lower urinary tract.

TL;DR: Rats with intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions provide a model of progressive dopamine neuron degeneration useful not only for the exploration of neuroprotective therapeutic intervention but also for the study of mechanisms of functional and structural recovery after subtotal damage of the nigrostriatal dopamine system.

TL;DR: Electrophysiological evidence for the presence of presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate autoreceptors which may facilitate glutamate release in layer II of the entorhinal cortex is provided.

TL;DR: Results demonstrate that expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha is part of an intrinsic inflammatory reaction of the brain after ischaemia.

TL;DR: Dendritic cells of the rat were studied immunohistochemically with MRC OX62 monoclonal antibody and using electron microscopy and their number in delayed-type hypersensitivity lesions was significantly higher than in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis lesions.

TL;DR: There is an up-regulation of substance P receptor immunoreactivity in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn in both injury models of persistent pain, indicating that the up- regulation of the receptor is not predictable merely by the change in the concentration of Substance P in the dorsal Horn.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the D3 receptor is co-expressed either with D1 or with D2 receptor, both in the core and shell regions, in a subpopulation of substance P and enkephalin neurons, respectively, and suggest that a significant part of the accumbal neurons only express either D 1 or D2, without co-expression with the D 3 receptor.

TL;DR: The results provide the first combined electrophysiological and morphological illustration of synaptic contacts between pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus and confirm that connections between CA1 pyramid neurons are mediated by both N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate/kainate receptors.

TL;DR: Findings show that supply of exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor to the transplantation site improves survival, growth and function of transplanted fetal nigral dopaminergic neurons in the rat Parkinson model.

TL;DR: The present immunocytochemical data reveal a widespread and heterogeneous distribution of the serotonin transporter in rat brain and suggest that serotoni transporter is preferentially sorted into axons, where it appears concentrated at varicosities and terminal boutons.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated, in intact cells, that tau highly phosphorylated in the presence of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta loses the properties of microtubule binding and stabilization, suggesting that regulation of tau phosphorylation by this enzyme might be an important mechanism whereby cytoskeletal function is modulated during neurodevelopment and lost in neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: It is concluded that clinically-relevant levels of hyperammonemia can cause astrocyte enlargement within 6 h in vivo characterized by both watery cytoplasm and increased organelles indicative of a cellular metabolic stress and altered astroCyte function.

TL;DR: Results indicate that substance P released from nociceptive primary afferents into the superficial dorsal horn is likely to act on spinothalamic tract neurons in lamina I, and also on those with cells bodies in laminatione III-IV and long dorsal dendrites.

TL;DR: Evidence for an inflammatory component in mouse scrapie, characterized by microglial activation and T-lymphocyte recruitment, which appears long before any clinical signs of the disease and spreads along well-defined anatomical pathways is found.

TL;DR: Since complement factors are released at pathological sites, this signal cascade could serve to increase motility and to direct microglial cells to the lesioned or damaged area by means of a G-protein-dependent pathway and via the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the rat's ability to acquire spatial learning and memory for place navigation in the Morris water maze is likely to be dependent also on the integrity of mesohippocampal dopaminergic connections.