Showing papers in "Neuroscience Research in 2011"

TL;DR: It is found that H2S increases the glutathione levels, which normally decrease during the cell death cascade, by enhancing the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and up-regulating cystine transport.

TL;DR: An overview of the history and recent work on regulation and function of neuronal immediate-early genes, including Arc/arg3.1, is presented, in which various immediate- early genes underlie several distinct processes required for long-term synaptic changes and memory formation.

TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that treadmill exercise provides a therapeutic potential to inhibit both Aβ-42 and neuronal death pathways and may be beneficial in prevention or treatment of AD.

TL;DR: iPSCs-derived NC progenitor cells were capable of multilineage differentiation toward neural crest lineages including peripheral sensory neuron, glia, Schwann cells, smooth muscle cells, melanocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts, confirming their mutidifferentiation potency.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that WT and A53T alpha-synuclein has an important role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation in PD is supported, through the activation of a pro-inflammatory response in microglial cells.

TL;DR: This review will focus on astrocytic activities that can both protect and endanger neurons, and discuss how manipulating these functions provides a novel and important strategy to enhance neuronal survival and improve the outcome following brain injury.

TL;DR: Recent progress in protein aggregate propagation in experimental model systems is reviewed and outstanding questions and future perspectives are discussed to open the way to unique opportunities for development of diagnostic techniques and novel therapies for protein misfolding-associated neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: The vestibular-related neuronal circuits for the vestibulo-ocular reflex, vestibulocollic reflex, and Vestibulospinal reflex arcs are summarized and the possible function of the unique neural connectivity observed in each vestibULAR receptor system is discussed.

TL;DR: The results suggest that both the DMN core region and subsystems may not relate to the maintenance of arousal, and may respectively serve to integrate brain regions and perform function specific to each level of arousal.

TL;DR: Some new aspects of the MOB organization are pointed out focusing on the following 4 issues: there might be both axon-bearing and anaxonic periglomerular cells (PG cells), most parvalbumin positive medium-sized neurons in the external plexiform layer as well as a few nitric oxide synthase positive PG cells and calretinin positive granule cells are anaxonics but display dendritic hot spots with characteristics of axon initial segments.

TL;DR: Patients with major depressive disorder showed a smaller increase in lateral prefrontal and superior temporal cortex activation during the 2-back task and associated poorer task performance than healthy controls, which contradicted with some previous fMRI studies that suggested increased cortical activity during the working memory task in patients with depression.

TL;DR: A low-cost, small, remotely triggerable LED device for wireless control of transcranial optical stimulation of cortical neurons, for use in freely moving mice, is described and it is demonstrated that the device is capable of remotely triggering muscle twitches upon activation of the primary motor cortex.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of previous neuroimaging studies on motor planning and different cognitive tasks showed overlap of all activations in the rostral premotor cortex, with a possible rostro-caudal functional gradient.

TL;DR: The results suggest minimal potential of tolcapone as a therapeutic agent for ADHD and implicate cortical NE, not DA, in impulsive action.

TL;DR: This result indicates that alpha/beta band EEG attenuation during motor imagery represents the binding process of kinesthetic sensory and motor information, and thus is influenced by supplementary motor area or/and premotor cortex, known as possible actors of N30.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of the motor-adaptor complexes and docking machinery that mediate mitochondrial transport and axonal distribution are introduced and the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex mobility patterns of axonal mitochondria are discussed.

TL;DR: Exposure to excessive prenatal stress induces anxiety-like behavior together with disruption of the development of 5-HT neurons in mice, which indicates the vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, is increased.

TL;DR: The results support the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between emotional cue recognition, EMG-measured facial response and prefrontal activity and reveal a significant effect of the MPFC on both cue detection and facial mimicry that was distinctly related to different types of emotions.

TL;DR: It is found that ESET (Setdb1), a histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9) methyltransferase, is highly expressed at early stages of mouse brain development but downregulated over time, and that ablation of ESET leads to decreased H3K 9 trimethylation and the misregulation of genes, resulting in severe brain defects and early lethality.

TL;DR: The results suggest that verbal WM is linked with naturalistic negative mood and that the PFC is involved in the mood-cognition interaction in daily circumstances.

TL;DR: It is concluded that post-injury intrathecal minocycline is an effective therapeutic intervention for treating SNL-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting spinal microglia activation.

TL;DR: Olanzapine and aripiprazole may exert beneficial effects by upregulating BDNF, phosphorylated GSK-3β, and β-catenin in patients with schizophrenia.

TL;DR: SICI at rest is reduced with healthy aging but this loss of SICI does not directly contribute to the loss of dexterity; a shift in the balance of facilitatory and inhibitory processes in motor cortex to facilitation might interfere with sequenced hand movements.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with the executive aspects of deception, regardless of the emotional valence of memory content.

TL;DR: The results from the present study suggest that the calcium and p-CREB dependent induction of BDNF expression, possibly via activation of synaptic NMDA receptor through the blockade of GABA(A) activity in cortical neuronal circuitry, might be responsible for the neuroprotective or memory enhancing effects of oroxylin A.

TL;DR: At high levels of processing meditators are less affected by stimuli with adverse emotional load, while processing of positive stimuli remains unaltered, providing support for different emotional processing in meditation practitioners.

TL;DR: It has been possible to identify a critical time window of several minutes after LTP induction for the participation of integrins in LTP, which compromises structural changes involving actin polymerisation and spine enlargement that could be required for accommodating new AMPA receptors (AMPARs).

TL;DR: The results serve to further elucidate the mechanism of ATD-induced relapse in remitted MDD patients and play a key role in serotonin depletion-induced brain changes and individual differences in depressive mood change.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SAD may involve dysfunction of a broad neuronal network including the limbic system, parieto-posterior cortex and cerebellum and abnormal activities of emotion-related regions including the amygdala and insular cortex during facial perception in SAD.

TL;DR: It can be argued that 21-day SD may impair the maintenance of long-term potentiation evoked in the dentate gyrus, and the balance between oxidant and antioxidant defenses of the hippocampus, taking into account the stressful effect of sleep deprivation.