Showing papers in "Physics Reports in 1997"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the cosmological and astrophysical implications of extra dimensions, and conclude that none of the three approaches can be ruled out on observational grounds at the present time.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review and discuss possible causes for the appearance of local anisotropy (principal stresses unequal) in self-gravitating systems and present its main consequences.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the structure of neutron stars shortly after they are born, when the entropy per baryon is of order 1 or 2 and neutrinos are trapped on dynamical timescales.

TL;DR: In this article, an effective chiral lagrangian for heavy and light mesons describing strong interactions among effective meson fields as well as their couplings to electromagnetic and weak currents, including the relevant symmetry-breaking terms is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the bubble wall is collapsing at more than 4 times the ambient speed of sound in the gas just prior to the light emitting moment when the gas has been compressed to a density determined by its van der Waals hard core.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Schrodinger equation for compound states of an arbitrary number of reggeized gluons in the multi-colour QCD is reviewed and the gauge-invariant effective action describing the gluon-Reggeon interactions is constructed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the status of domain walls in N = 1 supergravity theories for the vacuum domain walls as well as dilatonic domain walls and provide a systematic analysis of the space-time in these domain wall backgrounds and the special role that supersymmetry is playing in determining the nature of such configurations.

TL;DR: In this article, a detailed account of investigations on the functioning of the reaction center protein with a number of optical and magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques is presented, with emphasis on the relation between structure and function.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of quantum Monte Carlo methods for dealing with large shell model problems is presented, including the ground state and thermal properties of pf-shell nuclei, thermal behavior of {gamma}-soft nuclei and calculation of double beta-decay matrix elements.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the experimental evidence, its interpretation, and what they have learnt from it, couched in the language of semiclassical scattering theory, as well as the basic features of the theory of the optical model.

TL;DR: In this article, strong interaction effects in kaonic, sigma and antiprotonic atoms are analyzed with density dependent (DD) t eff in a teff ρ approach to the optical potential.

TL;DR: In this article, a survey and analysis of recent work on topological phases with polarization of light is presented, which has revealed several counterintuitive features of such phase shifts such as 2 nπ anholonomies, nonlinear and discontinuous behaviour originating from high singularities, peculiar spectral dependence, etc.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the different approaches that have been taken in recent years towards reconciling these two scales, and outline some of the major recent developments in each.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the microcanonical approach to thermodynamics is presented, with a focus on hot nuclei, hot atomic clusters, and gravitating systems, and their applications in physics.

TL;DR: In this article, the Navier-Stokes equations are used to model the dynamics of coherent structures in turbulent flows and the statistical technique of Karhunen-Loeve or proper orthogonal decomposition is used in the case of turbulence.

TL;DR: The time-dependent quantum mechanical approach has emerged as a powerful and a practical computational tool for studying a variety of gas-phase chemical problems in recent years as mentioned in this paper, with special emphasis on methodology and application to reactive scattering, photo-excitation processes and gas-surface interaction.

TL;DR: In this article, a perturbatively gauge invariant, dynamical dressing for individual quarks is proposed, where the onset of confinement is identified with an obstruction to building a nonperturbative dressing.

TL;DR: In this paper, the fission barrier is approximated as two charged spheres in near-contact, at a mutual distance given by the balance between Coulomb repulsion and attractive polarization effects.

TL;DR: In this paper, a pQCD-based model for parton production and equilibration in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is reviewed, which combines initial and final state radiations together with string phenomenology for nonperturbative soft processes.

TL;DR: In this article, a general model of a partially ionized plasma interpolates between low-density, nonmetallic systems such as atomic vapors and high-density conducting systems, such as metals or fully ionized plasmas, and the influence of many particle effects such as dynamic screening and self-energy, structure factor and local-field corrections, formation and decay of bound states, degeneracy and Pauli exclusion principle are studied.

TL;DR: In this paper, the possibilities to define CP and parity in general gauge theories by utilizing the intimate connection of these discrete symmetries with the group of automorphisms of the gauge Lie algebra are studied.

TL;DR: In this article, a transport theory for collective motion of an atomic nucleus is developed, which may be considered as a typical representative of a self-bound micro-system, where collective variables are introduced as shape parameters, self-consistency with respect to the nucleonic degrees of freedom has been implemented at various important stages.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of many-body potential energy functions (EMBPEFs) used in computer simulation applications for condensed matter properties is presented, including bulk and surface properties, and some of them are suitable for cluster properties.

TL;DR: The molecule has been attracting attention not only of biologists and physicians but also of chemists and physicists, even theorists (for a popular introduction into the field of DNA science, see, e.g., Frank-Kamenetskii, 1993; 1997).

TL;DR: In this paper, the shape of the quasiparticle Fermi surface and the spin-fermion vertex undergo a substantial evolution as the number of spin fluctuations increases.

TL;DR: In this paper, a short survey of the physics of solar neutrinos is given, giving an overview of hydrogen burning reactions, predictions of standard solar models and results of nuclear neutrino experiments.

TL;DR: In this article, a new method of finding the periodic solutions for the equations integrable within the framework of the AKNS scheme is reviewed, based on the re-parametrization of the solution with the use of algebraic resolvent of the polynomial defining the solution in the finite-band integration method.

TL;DR: In this article, the properties of Higgs bosons via s-channel production at a μ+μ− collider and the associated requirements for the machine and detector are discussed in detail.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of modern theoretical understanding of the physics of QCD at finite temperature is given, with a particular attention paid to the physical observability of various characteristics of QGP discussed in the literature.