Showing papers in "Progress in Lipid Research in 2018"

TL;DR: This review, contributed by scientists of complementary disciplines related to carotenoid research, covers recent advances and provides a perspective on future directions on the subjects of carotENoid metabolism, biotechnology, and nutritional and health benefits.

TL;DR: Phytosterol-enriched functional foods first appeared about twenty years ago and many clinical studies have confirmed the low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-lowering properties of various types of phytosterols, which have provided insights to better understand the cholesterol- Lowering and other biological effects of plant sterols.

TL;DR: Current understanding of adipocyte biology as it affects breast cancer is focused on and adipocytes, and the processes and pathways in which they are involved, could be effective therapeutic targets for breast cancer.

TL;DR: The biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of 2-AG are described and how chemical and genetic perturbation of these pathways has led to insight in the biological role of this signaling lipid.

TL;DR: An overview on lipid metabolism in diatoms is provided, with P. tricornutum as the most explored model and special emphasis is placed on the synthesis and incorporation of very long chain ω3 fatty acids into lipids.

TL;DR: The merits and limitations of various separation techniques and different MS methodologies applied to lipid structural elucidation and quantification are critically reviewed and the challenging problems to be solved in milk lipidomic analysis highlighted.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the literature is conducted to provide a wide perspective on the association between HDLs, mild and extreme changes in plasma HDL-C levels and cancer incidence and mortality, touching upon the certainties, the failures and the open issues in this intriguing area of research.

TL;DR: Results suggested that factors associated with small HDL particles efficiently promote cholesterol efflux via the ABCA1 transporter, which appears to contradict findings from epidemiological studies suggesting that in particular large HDL2 particles are related to a reduced CVD risk.

TL;DR: A concept whereby PA regulatory messages are perceived as complex "signatures" that take into account their production site, the availability of target proteins and the relevant cellular environments is proposed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the reaction specificity of ALOX15 orthologs can be predicted by analyzing their amino acid sequence and that 98% of all mammalian ALox15 orthology follow the Evolutionary Hypothesis.

TL;DR: A potentially key role for sphingolipid backbone hydroxylation is unveiled in both physiological and pathological situations, as it can be of extreme importance for the proper organization of cell membranes in mammalian cells, yeast and, most likely, also in plants.

TL;DR: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are bioactive phospholipids that play a wide range of roles in multiple cell types, during developmental and pathophysiological events.

TL;DR: This review discusses the clinical features and management practices of PCD as well as Neutral Lipid Storage Disease (NLSD) and Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD) and proposes that a number of other conditions involving lipid metabolic dysfunction that are not classified as LSMs may share common features.

TL;DR: The STAT3 signaling network and its pathophysiological roles in lipid and glucose metabolism and immune function are described and the research progress regarding STAT3 in obesity is highlighted.

TL;DR: The current review will describe the lipidomic approaches for considering tissue lipid physiology, including preparation of samples, accurate quantitation of lipid species and statistical modelling, and the main sequences in a lipidomics workflow.

TL;DR: If subfertility in males with gene mutations in SGG/SGC metabolism pathways manifests prior to neurological disorder, sperm SGG levels might be used as a reporting/predicting index of the neurological status.

TL;DR: Critical enzymes in lipid and carbon metabolism that may be manipulated to increase lipid metabolism in algae are highlighted, highlighting critical enzymes and pathways that are targets for chemical genetics with the focus on selection of small molecules as tools to improve triacylglycerol storage.

TL;DR: The main impacts of lipids on the nuclear environment are reviewed, focusing on lipids that bind to nuclear receptors, clinically relevant transcription factors, and the potential interactions of the nucleosome with steroid hormones, bile acids and fatty acids.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to evaluate the current SGT enzyme research and the functional consequences of glycomodification of SAs on the physiology and plant development, which together are associated with the plant's primary processes.