Showing papers in "Toxicology in Vitro in 2020"

TL;DR: The results suggest that nuclear receptor activation may only play a minor role in potential PFAS-mediated adverse effects in humans.

TL;DR: Results show that GAS protects HT-22 cells from the ferroptosis induced by glutamate through a new mechanism of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

TL;DR: It is pointed to the fact that PFOA induced epigenetic changes may play a major role in lipid metabolism gene regulation contributing to higher levels of epigenetic toxicity than GenX.

TL;DR: The present F/HA/AL/OXA nanogels are a promising carrier candidate for oxaliplatin drug to improve the anti-tumor activity.

TL;DR: The results show that PFHxS, PFOA and PFOS can inhibit LS function, and support the concern that some PFASs may increase the risk of acute lung toxicity and of airway infections.

TL;DR: The results of the current study suggest the antitumor activity of luteolin in SW620 cells through the ERK/FOXO3a-dependent mechanism, as well as its antimetastatic potential.

TL;DR: Analyzing structural-activity relationships revealed that a prenylation substitution at position 6 of the coumarin ring greatly improved anticancer properties of these agents, which can be considered as effective anticancer agents for further preclinical experiments.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway was involved in Cr(VI)-induced SH-SY5Y cell death, which was accompanied by the appearance of cell shrinkage, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization, and the activation of caspase cascades and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).

TL;DR: Benefiting of the integration of different investigational models, a good safety profile of Dox-GSH-NSs was evidenced, and their hepatotoxicity resulted to be comparable with respect to free Dox both in vitro and ex vivo.

TL;DR: The gut-on-chip provides an adequate model for transport studies of chemicals and the obtained transport values of the compounds are in line with the compound Biopharmaceuticals Classification System.

TL;DR: Investigation of the beneficial effects of rutin-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oxidative damage in human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2-B) cells in vitro revealed that rutIn-loaded LCNs significantly reduced NO, ROS levels and prevented apoptosis in BEas-2B cells.

TL;DR: The results suggest an increased vulnerability of the inflamed epithelial barrier towards AgNPs underlining the importance to consider the intestinal health status in the safety assessment of nanomaterials.

TL;DR: Initial levels of the framework provide a conservative estimate of Cmax in most cases which can be refined using sensitivity analysis to inform the choice of follow-up in vitro experiments, and case studies show the framework can increase confidence in use of PBK predictions for safety assessment.

TL;DR: Improved accessibility and interpretability of in vitro data via mechanistic target mapping and enhanced interactive tools for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) are described, including improved accessibility andinterpretability of the applications of an expanded data space and building confidence in non-animal approaches.

TL;DR: A potential disturbance in methylation processes and gene expression in human PBMCs exposed to glyphosate is shown, but the observed changes do not prejudge about the final metabolic effects, which are depended on many other factors.

TL;DR: In this article, a renal proximal tubule microphysiological device was used to predict renal reabsorption of five compounds: creatinine (negative control), perfluorooctanoic acid (positive control), cisplatin, gentamicin, and cadmium.

TL;DR: The reduced in vitro toxicological responses of the EVPs add to the increasing body of scientific weight-of-evidence supporting the role of high-quality EVPs as a harm reduction tool for adult smokers.

TL;DR: A workshop brought together representatives from industry, academia and government to discuss how to improve the use of existing data, and to generate new NAMs data to derive better mechanistic understanding between humans and environmentally-relevant species, ultimately resulting in holistic chemical safety decisions.

TL;DR: RA exerts neuroprotective effects on MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic neurons of a zebrafish PD model, and the mechanism underlying the effects of RA is associated with promotion of antioxidant gene expression via regulation of the DJ-1/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

TL;DR: There was no significant decrease in viability of cells after exposure to the no-cytotoxic dose of GO and GQD, but there was significant alterations in the expression level of miR-21,miR-29a, Bax, Bcl2 and PTEN genes after treatment in all three cells.

TL;DR: Investigating the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of combined exposure to PM and CSE on bronchial epithelial cells found that SFN and SFNAC could be a promising approach to prevent or mitigate the exacerbation of pulmonary diseases caused by PM and other air pollutants.

TL;DR: Modulation of the activity of NF-κB and Nrf2 by the combination of XAN and PEITC was found to lead to reduced proliferation of PANC-1 cells, suggesting that the combination might be considered as a novel strategy for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of PC.

TL;DR: In this article, a standard protocol was used to determine partition (K) and diffusion (D) coefficients in dermatomed human skin and isolated human skin layers for 50 compounds relevant to cosmetics ingredients.

TL;DR: Results indicated that rifampicin attenuates rotenone-induced microglia inflammation partially via elevating ATP6V0A1.

TL;DR: SiNPs exposure exerts its neurotoxicity in cultured neuronal cells by inducing apoptosis via a ROS generation-activated downstream ER stress signaling pathway, and antioxidant N-acetylcyseine (NAC) effectively reversed SiNPs-induced cellular responses.

TL;DR: The results showed that TiNTs were less effectively internalized into HUVECs compared with TiO2 NPs, but none of the NMs induced cytotoxicity or activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers.

TL;DR: An update is provided on the skin models currently available to study cigarette smoke exposure and the known pathways involved in cutaneous toxicity and the inflammatory skin pathologies potentially induced and/or exacerbated by cigarette smoke Exposure.

TL;DR: Vitamin E can prevent the genotoxicity of cisplatin on cultured human lymphocyte, and is concluded to be a strong lipophilic antioxidant that has the ability to protect normal cells from chromosome damage and promote the repair of the damaged DNA.

TL;DR: Data showed that BPA via GPER and/or EGFR transactivation induces activation of signal transduction pathways that mediate migration in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells.

TL;DR: One of the most studied fullerene members, C60, has a potential of application in various fields of biomedicine including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, inhibiting of tumours development, inactivating of viruses and bacteria, as well as elaboration of diagnostic and targeted drug delivery tools.