Showing papers in "Toxicon in 2004"

TL;DR: Several podophyllotoxin derivatives modified in the A, B, C, D and E rings were prepared from podophyLLotoxin and methyl isoxazopodophyllic acid and evaluated for their cytotoxicity on several neoplastic cell lines.

TL;DR: The main results of the research performed in the last 30 years on ribosome-inactivating proteins are reviewed, with emphasis on the new, controversial and uncertain aspects.

TL;DR: This current review surveys the recent knowledge on the antinutritional/toxic effects of plant lectins on higher animals and insects.

TL;DR: The evolutionary tree indicates that several clusters of divergent peptides show preference for specific subtypes of channels, and four different interacting modes were identified to exist between scorpion toxins and the various sub types of K+-channels.

TL;DR: Ricin, abrin and related plant toxins have played interesting and important roles in the history of clinical medicine and biomedical research and have played important roles as experimental models to elucidate the intracellular trafficking of endocytosed proteins.

TL;DR: The objective of this study was to overview the biological effects and metabolism of nicotine and identify the nitrosamines specific to tobacco.

TL;DR: This review discusses recent findings on several snake venom-derived CRISPs and reveals that they inhibit smooth muscle contraction and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels.

TL;DR: The biology and epidemiology of the brown spider, the histopathology of envenomation and the immunogenicity of Loxosceles venom are reviewed, as are the clinical features, diagnosis and therapy of brown spider bites.

TL;DR: No diarrhea was observed in mice dosed with PTX-2 nor PTX -2 SA, suggesting that pectenotoxins do not belong in the diarrhetic shellfish poison group.

TL;DR: Tarantula venoms appear to be a good model for the discovery of novel compounds with important therapeutic potential, and for the study of the molecular evolution of peptide toxins.

TL;DR: Although YTX was detected in culture medium, with this study it was not possible to explain which is the release mechanism of the toxin in the medium, and larger amounts of toxins were observed in the cellular fraction and in the culture medium at the last stage of the culture in both species.

TL;DR: The data prove the concept and demonstrate that the technique provides a means of forecasting shellfish contamination events and predicting the net accumulation of polyether toxins by mussels, and has the potential to offer a universal early warning method for marine and freshwater micro-algae toxins.

TL;DR: 325 fish-poisoning plants, spread among 71 plant families with 183 genera, are presented and it is remarkable that a great proportion are Euphorbiaceae.

TL;DR: Investigations showed that exposure to microcystins inhibited the growth and development of both rice and rape seedlings, however, microcyStins had more powerful inhibition effect on rape than rice in germination percentage of seeds and seedling height.

TL;DR: The findings seem very promising, suggesting that it may be possible to increase the larvicidal activity further by improving the extraction and the fractionation of the crude limonoids, for instance removing the co-extracted natural fats.

TL;DR: It is concluded, that PSP toxins are metabolically transformed by humans and that they are removed from the body by excretion in the urine and feces like any other xenobiotic compound.

TL;DR: The purified Adda that was structurally characterized using various spectral data did not show the toxicity to mice or inhibition to protein phosphatase activity in contrast to the native toxin.

TL;DR: Growth assay results showed that microcystin could completely inhibit the growth of carp, but failed to change the fish hepatosomatic index, and it is recommended that a warning system be instituted for announcing the occurrence of micro Cystin-producing water bloom and the possible risk of human intoxication.

TL;DR: This review focuses on several families of invertebrate-specific peptide neurotoxins that were isolated from the venom of Australian funnel-web spiders, which are promising insecticide leads because of their selectivity for invertebrates and activity on previously unvalidated targets.

TL;DR: By their nature, poisons such as strychnine and curare affect the functioning of the victim's body; this also means that they have been an important source of pharmacological tools and medicines all over the world.

TL;DR: Agatoxins from Agelenopsis aperta venom target three classes of ion channels, including transmitter-activated cation channels, voltage- activated sodium channels, and voltage-activated calcium channels, which modify both insect and vertebrate ion channels.

TL;DR: The three-dimensional structure has been determined for alpha-latrotoxin (alphaLTX), a representative venom component toxic to vertebrates and important insights have been gained into the receptor signalling and the role of intracellular Ca(2+) stores in the effect of alphaLTX.

TL;DR: Based on the recently derived guideline value for CYN in human drinking water and the concentrations of this compound in animal tissues reported here, there is a clear need for the increased monitoring of this compounds in organisms grown for human and animal consumption.

TL;DR: Both cell lines exhibited a dose-dependent increase in both micro- and millicalpain after 24 h exposure to MCLR suggesting a role for protease activation in MclR-induced apoptosis in non-hepatic human derived cell lines.

TL;DR: Despite the low concentrations of toxins detected in drinking water, a further reduction of cyanobacterial toxins is recommended to guarantee public safety.

TL;DR: The toxin composition did not vary dramatically among the three N sources, however, ammonium induced the highest concentration of intracellular toxin, followed by urea and then nitrate, suggesting populations utilizing high ammonium concentration could be more toxic than those growing on nitrate or urea.

TL;DR: Comparison of the cDNA sequences of the eight peptides from S. huwena indicates that they can be classified into two different superfamilies according to the "prepro" region of their c DNA sequences.

TL;DR: The low toxicity of gymnodimine when ingested with food suggests that this compound is of low risk to humans, a conclusion that is consonant with anecdotal evidence for the absence of harmful effects in individuals consuming shellfish contaminated with gymnodIMine.

TL;DR: Most spiders only cause minor effects, including a large number of groups that have been implicated in necrotic arachnidism, including the widow spiders, recluse spiders and some mygalomorph spiders.

TL;DR: The results demonstrated that the presence of these enzymes could explain partially the local clinical pictures presented by patients wounded by freshwater stingray.