Showing papers in "Toxicon in 2007"

TL;DR: Recent evidence suggests that Cyt synergize or overcome resistance to mosquitocidal-Cry proteins by functioning as a Cry-membrane bound receptor, and compares them to the mode of action of other bacterial PFT.

TL;DR: Voltage-gated sodium, calcium, and potassium channels generate electrical signals required for action potential generation and conduction and are the molecular targets for a broad range of potent neurotoxins, which has now been modeled at the atomic level for a beta-scorpion toxin.

TL;DR: The likely biological reasons for the massive functional redundancy in Photorhabdus insecticidal toxins are discussed and their potential in agriculture as alternatives to Bt is discussed.

TL;DR: CYN occurrence in the German lakes could not be ascribed to the three known CYN-producing species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Anabaena bergii and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, which were detected in some lakes in low abundances, and the highest correlation coefficients were observed between particulate CYN and the native AphanIZomenon gracile.

TL;DR: Overall, the findings demonstrate that the characteristic clinical features of envenomation produced by this scorpion differ significantly from those reported for other scorpions in the world.

TL;DR: Investigations led to the detection of homoanatoxin-a and anat toxin-a in cyanobacterial mats from four other rivers in the Wellington region, severely affecting recreational users and access restrictions were placed on over 60% of river catchments.

TL;DR: The data indicate that mixtures of Fusarium toxins are able to induce lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, DNA fragmentation, DNA methylation, and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells, and suggest a potential promoter effect in human intestinal cells.

TL;DR: A peptide isolated from venom of the tarantula that blocks cationic MSCs found in non-specialized eukaryotic tissues is summarized, and the inevitable crosstalk between the MSC behavior and the mechanical properties of the cell cortex is discussed.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanism by which Hanatoxin and a growing number of related tarantula toxins alter gating, the location of the toxin receptor within K(v) channels and the disposition of this receptor with respect to the lipid membrane.

TL;DR: An overview on scorpion venoms, their alpha-toxins and the Na+ channel targets they are built for, as well as on the molecular determinants that govern the selectivity and affinity of this ‘inseparable duo’.

TL;DR: Cystine knot proteins are common in a wide range of organisms from fungi to mammals, and it appears that this interesting structural motif has evolved independently in different organisms as a stable protein framework that has a variety of biological functions.

TL;DR: An overview of phyletically selective animal, plant and microbial toxins and their diverse mechanisms of action to paralyze or kill arthropods is provided and the strengths and weaknesses of biopesticides in the global control of arthropod pests are provided.

TL;DR: It is proposed that presynaptic neurotoxicity of sPLA(2)s is a result of both extra- and intracellular actions of beta-ntxs, involving enzymatic activity as well as interaction of the toxins with intrace cellular proteins affecting the cycling of synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals of vertebrate motoneurons.

TL;DR: RJ have a protective effects against FB toxicity and this protection was dose dependent, and improvements were pronounced in animals fed FB-contaminated diet plus the high dose of RJ.

TL;DR: Current progress is delineated in elucidation of the bioactive surfaces of scorpion β-toxins, especially the excitatory and depressant groups, which show high preference for insects and bind insect sodium channels with high affinity, and studies of the mode of interaction between insect-selective toxins and their sodium channel receptor sites.

TL;DR: It is observed that levels of brevetoxins in the muscle of fish at all trophic levels rise significantly, but not to dangerous levels, during a K. brevis bloom, and levels were highest in fish liver and stomach contents, and increased during and immediately following the bloom.

TL;DR: Details of receptor site-3, the central role of scorpion alpha-toxins in envenomation and their vast use in the study of channel functions, may be useful in new strategies of insect control and future design of anti-insect selective ligands.

TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that chemical defense in a dendrobatid poison frog is dependent on geographic location and habitat type, which presumably controls the abundance and nature of alkaloid-containing arthropods.

TL;DR: Results from the PP2A assay correspond very well with the results obtained by the mouse bioassay, and supports the establishment of a relative toxicity factor of DTX-2 of 0.6 compared with OA.

TL;DR: Two peptides, PcTx1 and APETx2, isolated from a spider and a sea anemone, have been characterized as selective and high-affinity inhibitors for ASIC1a and ASIC3 channels, respectively, which helped to characterize ASIC1 a homomeric channels in peripheric and central neurons.

TL;DR: Remote protein homology predictions for CfTX-2 and CaTX-A suggest weak structural similarities to pore-forming insecticidal delta-endotoxins Cry1Aa, Cry3Bb and Cry3A, and multiple sequence alignment of the five jellyfish proteins has identified several short, but highly conserved regions of amino acids that coincide with a predicted transmembrane spanning region, referred to as TSR1.

TL;DR: Sea anemones produce a myriad of toxic peptides and proteins of which a large group acts on voltage-gated Na+ channels, which constitutes the scope of this review.

TL;DR: The effects of MC exposure on broccoli and mustard by watering the seedlings with water containing 0, 1 or 10 microgMCsL(-1) (concentrations typically found in natural waters) were assessed and the only distinct difference compared to control plants was a slight (<10%) growth inhibition seen in broccoli.

TL;DR: A study was carried out on both Gambierdiscus populations as well as on various fish species using the receptor-binding assay (RBA) to detect and quantify ciguatoxins to assess the ciguatera risk in two islands of French Polynesia.

TL;DR: The data indicate that ureases probably contribute to the plant arsenal of defense compounds against predators and phytopathogens and that the urease defense mechanism is independent of ammonia release from urea.

TL;DR: The disappearance of MC-LR in the hepatopancreas indicated that S. histrica is able to depurate microcystin (MC) efficiently, and regular monitoring of MCs should be undertaken in both cyanobacteria and aquatic animals.

TL;DR: This review focuses on peptidic spider toxins that specifically target insect Ca(V) channels, providing novel molecular tools for ion channel characterization and some of these toxins are being used as leads to develop new methods for controlling insect pests.

TL;DR: Findings demonstrated that T. cordata causes an acquired glycoprotein lysosomal storage disease in goats causing severe losses in goats, and some farmers report the disease also in cattle.

TL;DR: The F3 fraction, rich in peptides, inhibited the growth of yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and caused several morphological changes in different yeasts, such as cell wall disorganization, bud formation as well as the formation of pseudohyphae.

TL;DR: Clinical, laboratory and pathological findings of sheep, which is intoxicated with castor bean, revealed severe gastroenteritis, cardiac haemorrhage and necrosis, hepatic necrosis and acute tubular necrosis in kidneys.