Showing papers in "Toxicon in 2021"

TL;DR: In this article, the chemical composition of the leaves from Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem and I. setifera Poir were determined using gas chromatography coupled to gas spectrometry (CG/MS) and gas chromation with flame ionization detector (CG-FID).

TL;DR: The mycotoxin patulin is primarily produced as a secondary metabolite by numerous fungal species and predominantly by Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, and Penicillium species.

TL;DR: The role of polyketide synthase (pks) genes in colorectal cancer initiation and development was investigated in this paper, where it was reported that pks cluster and thereby colibactin is also related to the hypervirulence of K. pneumoniae, suggesting that their function and regulation are conserved.

TL;DR: Saponins are secondary metabolic compounds produced in healthy plants with potential anti-pathogenic activity and serve as potential chemical barriers against pathogens as mentioned in this paper, and they are classified into two major groups the steroidal and terpenoid saponins.

TL;DR: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatotoxic toxin, which can cause hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver immunological damage as mentioned in this paper, and it has been involved in the etiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma.

TL;DR: In this article, a study aimed to evaluate mycotoxin contamination levels of raw materials and products for animals in Poland in the years 2015-2020, and showed that both feeding and raw materials are contaminated by mycotoxins, often by more than one.

TL;DR: Zearalenone has no significantly effect on the feed intake of prepubertal gilts, but it can reduce its serum immunoglobulin contents and antioxidant properties, disrupt the secretion of sex hormones, increase the vulva area, produce reproductive toxicity and cause liver damage.

TL;DR: In this paper, a precolumn dansylation-based HPLC method was used for detecting histamine in food and especially in fish products, which was validated by the European Commission and studied method equivalence with the AOAC fluorescence method 977.13.

TL;DR: In this article, a pilot survey was conducted in the riverine ecosystem of the Pike River Ecological Reserve (QC, Canada) near Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors have made an attempt to evaluate the quality of commercial polyvalent antivenom (PAV) produced in India by simple, and affordable laboratory tests and revealed that PAVs contained 78.7-94.8% IgG/F(ab')2 and small quantities of plasma proteins.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of gamma irradiation doses on the growth of A. flavus and A. ochraceus in artificially inoculated yellow maize as well as on the production of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and the formation of toxins in maize were explored.

TL;DR: In this paper, a bacterial strain with patulin degradation capability was selectively isolated using oxindole, an analogue to patulin, as the sole carbon source and identified as Pseudomonas poae JSU-Y1 by phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence.

TL;DR: The authors in this paper reviewed the literature in English and Arabic on scorpions, scorpion stings and available antivenoms and found that Scorpion stings are a very common occurrence throughout the region.

TL;DR: In this paper, a laccase gene Lac2 from the fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius was expressed in the Pichia pastoris X33 yeast strain to produce recombinant proteins.

TL;DR: In this paper, after MIC determination of nisin against S. aureus ATCC 29213, this strain was treated with sub-MIC (1/2) of Nisin (4μg/ml) and transcript levels of toxin-encoding (hla, SEA, SEB, and SED) and biofilm-associated (fnb, ebpS, eno, and icaA) genes were determined using Quantitative Real-time PCR at 2, 8, and 24h post exposure.

TL;DR: Results showed the combination of T-2 toxin and ACR resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro, while significantly increasing liver and kidney toxicity in vivo, highlighting the necessity to consider the combined toxicity during the safety assessment of these food-borne contaminants.

TL;DR: The rats would not be able to serve as experimental model for humans with regard to Ota-induced tumorigenesis, because the target organ of OTA-toxicity in humans and pigs is mainly the kidney as opposed to the significant damages and carcinogenic effects seen in various organs in rats exposed to OTA.

TL;DR: In this article, an exclusive review summarizes the efficacy of various plant products and phytochemicals to counteract AFB1 toxicity in broilers and discusses the link between antioxidant, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective functions of plant products; oxidative stress and AFB1 macromolecular adducts mediated AFB 1 toxicity are covered.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main characteristics of diagnosed ricin poisoning cases were identified in order to raise awareness of this toxin among the population and clinicians, and the mechanism of death was peripheral vascular collapse and progressing multiple organ failure occurring 10h-72h after intoxication.

TL;DR: The first formal assessment of cyanotoxins in two impaired lakes in southern California that have a history of cyanobacterial blooms producing high biomass as measured by chl-a indicates potential acute and chronic risk of exposure to cyanotoxin in these lakes and supports the need for future monitoring efforts to help minimize human and domestic pet exposure.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors have reviewed interfaces in plant-pathogen-insect research to show pulsating regulation of plant immunity for attuning survival and ecological equilibrium, which has vital repercussions for enhancing crop yield, including insights into uncoupling of host-parasite tradeoffs for ecological and environmental sustainability.

TL;DR: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, and is a known carcinogen in humans and animals.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the biodegradation capacity of bacteria isolated from the moldy feed, soil and poultry feces in various poultry farms against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), G1, B2, and G2.

TL;DR: There is strong evidence to support that PTE can effectively alleviate the damage to cells caused by DON, and it may be used as an effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant to prevent the damage of mycotoxins to the animal body.

TL;DR: The venom proteome of three medically important Nigerian Elapidae snakes Naja haje, Naja katiensis and Naja nigricollis was studied using HILIC coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis.

TL;DR: In this article, the activity of Nigella sativa seeds (NS) and thymoquinone (TQ) on phase-2 detoxification pathways of aflatoxin metabolites was investigated in light of GSH, GST alpha-3 (GSTA3), and AFB1-DNA adducts detected by the immunohistochemical method in broilers livers.

TL;DR: The Modified Heckmatt scale demonstrated good reliability and validity to assess the pathologic muscle changes that occur in patients with spasticity.

TL;DR: Nine new transcripts with neurotoxic potential are presented and the sequences of one hyaluronidase (TsHyal_4) and three enzymes involved in amidation, which may be involved in the venom's digestive action are described.

TL;DR: Western blot analysis showed that FB1 elevates the expression of ABCA1 (a cholesterol efflux promoter) in an LXR dependent mechanism, which provides important evidence for the mechanism underlying hypercholesterolemia in FB1 treated models.

TL;DR: The occurrence of NSP is recorded through consumption of a type of seafood not typically monitored in Florida to protect human health, demonstrating the need to better assess and communicate the risk of N SP to gastropod harvesters in Karenia brevis endemic areas.