Showing papers in "Urban Affairs Review in 2020"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study recent Chicago upzonings that increased allowed densities and reduced parking requirements in a manner exogenous of development plans and study the local-level impacts of zoning change.
Abstract: What are the local-level impacts of zoning change? I study recent Chicago upzonings that increased allowed densities and reduced parking requirements in a manner exogenous of development plans and ...
54 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed shifts in the delivery mode of waste collection in Dutch municipalities between 1999 and 2014 and found that 60% of the shifts were toward outsourced waste collection.
Abstract: This article analyzes shifts in the delivery mode of waste collection in Dutch municipalities between 1999 and 2014. In approximately half of these entities, shifts took place, with 60% toward outs...
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new technology, "Portals", is used to initiate conversations about policing between individuals in communities where this form of state action is concentrated, based on more than 800 re...
Abstract: This article uses a new technology, “Portals,” to initiate conversations about policing between individuals in communities where this form of state action is concentrated. Based on more than 800 re...
52 citations
TL;DR: Gentrification is characterized as a spatial manifestation of economic inequality as mentioned in this paper, and an unsettled debate about gentrification is the extent to which it is also marked by distinct changes in neighborh...
Abstract: Gentrification is characterized as a spatial manifestation of economic inequality. An unsettled debate about gentrification is the extent to which it is also marked by distinct changes in neighborh...
48 citations
TL;DR: A growing body of evidence indicates that local police departments are being used to provide revenue for municipalities by imposing and collecting fees, fines, and asset forfeitures as discussed by the authors, which is a common practice in the criminal justice system.
Abstract: A growing body of evidence indicates that local police departments are being used to provide revenue for municipalities by imposing and collecting fees, fines, and asset forfeitures. We examine whe...
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the implicit assumption underlying the gender stereotyping literature is that female candidates have an advantage in local elections, and two factors motivate this assumption: some local issues, and some gender stereotypes.
Abstract: An implicit assumption underlying the gender stereotyping literature is that female candidates have an advantage in local elections. Two factors motivate this assumption. First, some local issues, ...
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss newspaper closures, staff cuts, and dramatic changes to the ways in which newspapers are used to deliver information. But, they do not discuss the impact of these changes on the quality of the news.
Abstract: Newspapers have faced extreme challenges in recent years due to declining circulation and advertising revenue. This has resulted in newspaper closures, staff cuts, and dramatic changes to the ways ...
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a detailed analysis of how widespread is the downtown resurgence among the current generation of young adults 25 to 34 years old, referred to as the Millennials.
Abstract: How widespread is the downtown resurgence among the current generation of young adults 25 to 34 years old, often referred to as the Millennials? Answering the question, this article provides a deta...
36 citations
TL;DR: In local contests, party labels are often absent as discussed by the authors, and in the primary elections, they are not usef ectively used at all, leaving voters with precious little information about candidates on the ballot.
Abstract: Many U.S. elections provide voters with precious little information about candidates on the ballot. In local contests, party labels are often absent. In primary elections, party labels are not usef...
35 citations
TL;DR: The authors show that economic, social, and political changes are weakening local governments and contributing to a rise in nonprofit activity in urban politics, but these changes are not well understood by the public.
Abstract: Scholars across the social sciences have shown how economic, social, and political changes are weakening local governments and contributing to rising nonprofit activity in urban politics. But these...
31 citations
TL;DR: This paper extended Brunson and Weitzer's 2009 endeavor to elucidate the influence of race and place in policing by reexamining enforcement practices across disadvantaged urban neighborhoods but in a different context.
Abstract: This study extends Brunson and Weitzer’s 2009 endeavor to elucidate the influence of race and place in policing by reexamining enforcement practices across disadvantaged urban neighborhoods but fro...
TL;DR: This article found a positive relationship between public transportation investment and gentrification in nearby neighborhoods, and this dynamic is particularly important in urban contexts that plan to use public transportation in order to improve public transportation.
Abstract: Research often finds a positive relationship between public transportation investment and gentrification in nearby neighborhoods. This dynamic is particularly important in urban contexts that plan ...
TL;DR: The authors examines recent scholarship on the carceral state and its political consequences as an opportunity to reassess the study of urban politics and illuminate how race affects urban politics, along with illuminating how race st...
Abstract: This paper begins by examining recent scholarship on the carceral state and its political consequences as an opportunity to reassess the study of urban politics. Along with illuminating how race st...
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper present a new trend in urban politics in China, that is, the intertwined conflicts of three competing visions (entrepreneurial redevelopment, historic conservation, and community conse...
Abstract: This article presents a new trend in urban politics in China, that is, the intertwined conflicts of three competing visions—entrepreneurial redevelopment, historic conservation, and community conse...
TL;DR: In recent years, cities are incrementally increasing the amount of traffic citations and forfeitures in their tax bases as discussed by the authors, which has made up an insignificant portion of city tax revenue.
Abstract: Historically, revenue associated with things like traffic citations—termed fines and forfeitures—has made up an insignificant portion of city revenue. In recent years, however, cities are increasin...
TL;DR: Municipal takeovers are a state policy ostensibly designed to address urban fiscal crises by “temporarily” taking over local government, suspending local control, and implementing sweeping austerit...
Abstract: Municipal takeovers are a state policy ostensibly designed to address urban fiscal crises by “temporarily” taking over local government, suspending local control, and implementing sweeping austerit...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors model school closure decisions in Chicago from 2003 to 2013 with multinomial logit models that estimate the deci cient factors that led to the closures.
Abstract: What factors do administrators consider when (dis)investing in public facilities? We model school closure decisions in Chicago from 2003 to 2013 with multinomial logit models that estimate the deci...
TL;DR: Waterfront redevelopment projects have often been criticized for prioritizing attractive skylines and glittering facades over the needs of local communities as discussed by the authors, however, they have increasing increasing...
Abstract: Waterfront redevelopment projects have often been criticized for prioritizing attractive skylines and glittering facades over the needs of local communities. Recently, however, they have increasing...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the effects of relative size of settlement unit and organizational type (central versus peripheral unit within municipality) on representation in local elections in the Czech Republic.
Abstract: Following current debates on the study of the quality of local government, this paper focuses on representation in local elections. Municipal size and institutional design are important factors influencing political participation of both, voters and politicians at the local level. However, citizens in differently defined settlement units included within a municipality are disadvantaged differently by these factors and thus, de-motivated to participate in politics. Therefore, representation of interests of units within amalgamated municipality can be threatened. Current studies show that immediately after amalgamation, periphery including small former jurisdictions surrounding a big central unit creates over-representation of peripheral area due to the fear of being dominated by the central unit (Kjaer, Jakobsen 2016). However, the perspective on representation of units within amalgamated municipality from the longer time perspective has not been studied yet. Moreover, the studies of representation within municipalities did not used the unique settlement unit as the unit of analysis, but rather aggregation of peripheral units. Thus, the arguments about effects of different relative sizes of units within the municipality on the representation of units were not included in the debate. Our paper focuses on effects of relative size of settlement unit and organizational type (central versus peripheral unit within municipality) on representation in local elections in the Czech Republic. The analysis is based on data from 6,124 Czech municipalities over three sets of elections (2006, 2010, 2014). Amalgamation into greater municipalities started in 1960’ during the Communist regime and in 1990’, a great number of amalgamated municipalities split. Thus, we can look at the representation of units not immediately after the amalgamation, but in long time perspective. The unit of analysis is a settlement unit within a municipality. The paper uses Poisson regression to estimate the effect of size of the settlement unit and different organizational types of settlement unit on the number of representatives in the unit. The results will allow to formulate recommendations for local government reforms not only in the Czech Republic, but also for other amalgamated municipal systems.
TL;DR: The authors found that municipal governments are responsive to the ideological complexion of their cities even in the absence of partisan elections, and found that the majority of the municipal governments in the United States are conservative.
Abstract: Recent research in the United States has found that municipal governments are responsive to the ideological complexion of their cities even in the absence of partisan elections. In this paper, I te...
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between government fines and neighborhood composition using data on parking citations in Los Angeles is investigated, and the authors find that parking ticket fines have received significant attenti...
Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between government fines and neighborhood composition using data on parking citations in Los Angeles. Parking ticket fines have received significant attenti...
TL;DR: It is expected that women who run for office will receive significantly more support from women relative to male voters as mentioned in this paper, however, evidence for this gender affinity has been mixed. In fact, recent e...
Abstract: It is expected that women who run for office will receive significantly more support from women relative to male voters. However, evidence for this gender affinity has been mixed. In fact, recent e...
TL;DR: In particular, seminal studies on cities, places where race and economic marginalization are prevalent, have shown that these places are places where marginalized groups are disproportionately concentrated in urban areas as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Many scholars paint a somber picture of the political status of racially and economically marginalized groups in the United States. In particular, seminal studies on cities—places where race and cl...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors ask whether state courts limit local authority in areas in which local preferences differ significantly from those of the local government, and find that state courts preemption of local government policies is associated with state government preemption.
Abstract: What factors are associated with state government preemption of local government policies? This research asks whether state courts limit local authority in areas in which local preferences differ f...
Abstract: Between 2004 and 2019, more than 30 areas in Istanbul have been earmarked as regeneration zones. But as of August 2019, only two projects are completed while the rest either never reached implement...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define secondary capital cities as "government cities that tend to lack a competitive political economy", defined as cities that are not the primary economic centers of their respective countries.
Abstract: Capital cities are government cities that tend to lack a competitive political economy. Especially secondary capital cities—defined as capitals that are not the primary economic centers of their na...
TL;DR: Some experts claim that U.S. local governments are experiencing dramatic increases in pension expenditures and that pension spending is crowding out government services as discussed by the authors, while others maintain that seriou...
Abstract: Some experts claim that U.S. local governments are experiencing dramatic increases in pension expenditures and that pension spending is crowding out government services. Others maintain that seriou...
TL;DR: The role of private funding and management in U.S. urban public services has expanded through the auspices of private nonprofit organizations in formal relationships with government and aided by la....
Abstract: The role of private funding and management in U.S. urban public services has expanded through the auspices of private nonprofit organizations in formal relationships with government and aided by la...
TL;DR: In today's post-industrial economy, the extent to which cities and neighborhoods can develop and promote their cultural assets has become a key strategy for maintaining competitiveness by attracting new businesses as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In today’s postindustrial economy, the extent to which cities and neighborhoods can develop and promote their cultural assets has become a key strategy for maintaining competitiveness by attracting...
TL;DR: The national debate about police use of force against racial minority residents has led to increased attention to body-worn cameras (BWCs) as tools for increasing police accountability as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The national debate about police use of force against racial minority residents has led to increased attention to body-worn cameras (BWCs) as tools for increasing police accountability. Although re...