Showing papers in "Virology in 1993"

TL;DR: The genome of Lelystad virus, the causative agent of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome, was shown to be a polyadenylated RNA molecule and results indicate that LV is closely related evolutionarily to LDV and EAV, both members of a recently proposed family of positive-strand RNA viruses, the Arteriviridae.

TL;DR: The morphology, size, polarity, and genomic organization of the Norwalk virus indicate it is a member of the Caliciviridae family.

TL;DR: Gel retardation assays of the cDNA-encoded proteins produced in an in vitro translation system or in Escherichia coli demonstrated that the larger two β isoforms, but not the smallest one, can dimerize with the α subunit, and this heterodimerization was shown to cause a marked increase in the intrinsic DNA binding affinity of theα subunit.

TL;DR: It is now clear that folding in the ER is a dynamic, energy-driven process involving a host of cellular folding enzymes and molecular chaperones, and whether quality control mechanisms play significant roles in regulating protein transport in other organelles represents an interesting area of research.

TL;DR: Genome organization, strategy of gene expression, and the sequence of deduced proteins show that PRRSV belongs to the Arterivirus group of viruses.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the initial event in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is attachment to extracellular heparan sulfate, and Heparin affinity chromatography revealed that multiple HCMV envelope glycoproteins, including gB, are capable of binding to heparin.

TL;DR: This study provides the first evidence supporting genetic reassortment between human and avian viruses in a natural swine environment.

TL;DR: The sequence of 5568 nucleotides of the 3' moiety of the Mokola virus genome (serotype 3 of lyssaviruses) encompassing the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein, matrix protein, and glycoprotein genes is presented and compared to that of the vaccinal strains of serotype 1.

TL;DR: In this article, a "universal" morbillivirus primer set was identified based on highly conserved regions of the morBILLIVirus phosphoprotein (P) gene and used this to amplify a region surrounding the RNA editing site from all known members of the group.

TL;DR: Fusion of HCMV-infected U373 glioblastoma cells was blocked by all but two of the neutralizing antibodies to gB, suggesting that fusion of infected cells is similar but not identical to the fusion of the virion envelope with the cell membrane that occurs during virion entry.

TL;DR: Overproduction of the full-length Gag-Pol polyprotein and increased intracellular protease activity were both detrimental to viral assembly, indicating that budding was inefficient and the structures appeared immature and frequently aberrant.

TL;DR: It is concluded that antigenically conserved counterparts of the human Asian pandemic strain of 1957 continue to circulate in the avian reservoir and are coming into closer proximity to susceptible human populations.

TL;DR: The data indicate that HTLV-I has a broad host range in vivo and that monocytes or cells of monocyte lineage such as tissue macrophages might comprise a virus reservoir in vivo.

TL;DR: The results indicate that a cosmid-based system will facilitate isolation of large numbers of defined viral mutants.

TL;DR: Deletion mutants (delta B5R) lacking the B 5R open reading frame (ORF) from the Western Reserve and IHD-J strains of vaccinia virus have been constructed and shown to form very small plaques compared with the wild-type viruses.

TL;DR: Experimental evidence is presented which indicates that subtilisin treatment of membranes isolated from cells infected with the West Nile flavivirus results in release of a 50 kDa molecular weight fragment of the viral nonstructural protein NS 3, and that the p50-S protein also contains the active site of an RNA triphosphatase.

TL;DR: The number of residues involved in various interactions and their conservation and properties suggest that uncoating may involve separation of fivefold and twofold related subunits before those related by threefold symmetry.

TL;DR: Transient expression of these three proteins with the vaccinia-T7 system demonstrated that coexpression of NP and P was sufficient to induce the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions similar to those found in RS virus-infected cells.

TL;DR: The entire envelope (E) glycoprotein gene and deduced amino acid sequences of 16 DEN-2 viruses and the phylogenetic relationships of these, plus 17 additional published DEN E gene sequences, indicated evolutionary relationships of the virus isolates within theDEN-2 serotype.

TL;DR: Results show that CPMV can be used as an antigen presentation system and raises the possibility of producing vaccines in plants using a RNA virus-based vector.

TL;DR: Results provide evidence that HERV-K codes for HTDV, an expressed human endogenous retrovirus sequence that is regularly observed by electron microscopy at low frequency in cell lines established from human teratocarcinomas.

TL;DR: During an outbreak of severe respiratory disease, a field strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), PP14, was isolated from a bird in a Texas flock that had been previously vaccinated with an attenuated Mass serotype virus and indicated that a recombination event had occurred about 98 bases from the beginning of the S1 gene between an Ark-like and a Mass-like virus.

TL;DR: The hypervariable domain of the hepatitis C virus envelope appeared to be structurally flexible and antigenically variable, providing the virus a way to escape from host immunity.

TL;DR: An NS3-specific antiserum is used, under nondenaturing conditions, to demonstrate that NS2B and NS3 form a complex both in vitro and in vivo, and a potential conserved cleavage site that resembles other sites cleaved by the NS3/NS2B proteinase is revealed.

TL;DR: Using transcripts generated from mutant forms of a cDNA clone of RNA3, the cis-acting sequences necessary for RNA3 accumulation and RNA4 synthesis are characterized and the role of the RNA3-encoded proteins is analyzed, indicating a role for that region in (+)-strand synthesis.

TL;DR: Observations altogether indicate specific molecular association between M1 and NS2, one of the two nonstructural proteins of influenza A virus, and biological significance of M1-NS2 interaction is discussed.

TL;DR: It is found that addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the cultures maintained in the presence of 2% DMSO at the time of infection markedly increased the infection process and made it highly reproducible, suggesting that the main limitation of the in vitro HBV infection lies in the ability of human hepatocytes to specifically bind the viral particles.

TL;DR: The E3L gene of vaccinia virus encodes the double-stranded (ds) RNA binding proteins p20 and p25 that exhibit inhibitory activity for the IFN-induced, P 1 /eIF-2α protein kinase.

TL;DR: Results indicate that epitope specificity alone may be inadequate to account for protection by anti-NS1 antibody and are consistent with involvement of an FcR-dependent protective mechanism that is governed by antibody isotype.