Showing papers in "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews in 2019"

TL;DR: An updated version of the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model is proposed, which is argued to be valid for several types of addictive behaviors, such as gambling, gaming, buying-shopping, and compulsive sexual behavior disorders.

TL;DR: This review comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise.

TL;DR: The meta‐analysis indicated that theCUMS protocol is a robust animal model of depression and is strongly associated with anhedonic behavior in rodents, however, high heterogeneity was found in the single subgroup analysis, which was attributable to modification of the CUMS and sucrose preference protocols.

TL;DR: There is general support for antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of probiotics, but the pooled effects were reduced by the paucity of trials with clinical samples.

TL;DR: Epigenetic changes in glucocorticoid signaling, serotonergic signaling, and neurotrophin genes appear to be the most promising therapeutic targets for future research, however, continued research is warranted due to inconsistent findings regarding the directionality of epigenetic modification.

TL;DR: Present knowledge linking neurobiological substrates sustaining social functioning, social dysfunction and social withdrawal in major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, AD, SCZ, and MDD are summarized.

TL;DR: SPS increases risk for stress‐related problems in response to negative environments, but also provides greater benefit from positive and supportive experiences, and an agenda for future research to stimulate the field is set.

TL;DR: The goal of this effort is to provide the community with guidelines for best practices in tES/TMS SUD research, and to accelerate the speed at which the community translates basic neuroscience into advanced neuromodulation tools for clinical practice in addiction medicine.

TL;DR: It is found that the depressed brain appear to have a more random network structure, also finding promising features for diagnostic, such as, gamma band and signal complexity; among others which may detect specific depression-related symptoms such as suicidal ideation.

TL;DR: Viewing addiction as an allostatic mechanism provides key insights into the ways in which dysregulated neurocircuitry that is involved in basic motivational systems can transition to pathophysiology.

TL;DR: A multi‐method, multi‐domain approach to the functionality of MPFC subdivisions within Brodmann areas 9‐11 suggests that social processes are functionally linked to DMPFC, self processes are linked to AMPFC, and affective processes are links to AMMFC and VMPFC.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that, despite presenting distinct features, there are several similarities between the neurobiological alterations that lead to MDD and neurodegeneration in AD, PD, and HD, and the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of common antidepressant therapies for the treatment of MDD in patients with these Neurodegenerative diseases is summarized.

TL;DR: Here it is proposed that besides low‐level sensory‐motor representations of the space around the different parts of the body, mediating body‐objects interactions, the multisensory PPS system also underlies a general representation of the self as distinct from the environment and the others.

TL;DR: Education about obtaining adequate sleep, the dangers of fatigue in terms of both health and cognitive consequences, and the availability of scientifically‐proven sleep‐enhancement and alertness‐management strategies is essential are essential.

TL;DR: This paper reviews depression-related impairments in key components of motivation along with new cognitive neuroscience models that focus on the role of motivation in the decision-making about cognitive control allocation and proposes a unifying framework which connects motivational and cognitive control deficits in depression.

TL;DR: It is suggested that CBD may interact with some acute effects of THC, and there was considerable heterogeneity in dose, route of administration and THC:CBD ratio across studies and no clear dose-response profile emerged.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting the expression and function of brain CB2R from gene and receptor levels to cellular functioning, neural circuitry, and animal behavior is reviewed.

TL;DR: The overall findings indicate a lack of regional convergence in children/adolescents with ADHD, which might be due to heterogeneous clinical populations, various experimental design, preprocessing, statistical procedures in individual publications.

TL;DR: Overall, associations between social cognition and neurocognition, and functional outcomes demonstrated significant small-to-medium effect sizes, suggesting that integrated interventions targeting both neuroc Cognition and social cognition may optimally improve functional outcomes.

TL;DR: The receptor, preclinical and clinical pharmacology of fentanyl is reviewed, and how its pharmacology may predict the effectiveness of currently approved medications for treating illicit fentanyl use is reviewed.

TL;DR: Overall, this work provides preliminary evidence that both, excitatory stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex and inhibitorystimulation of the right prefrontal cortex can reduce symptom severity in anxiety disorders.

TL;DR: It is suggested that hypnotic intervention can deliver meaningful pain relief for most people and therefore may be an effective and safe alternative to pharmaceutical intervention.

TL;DR: These tests provide another tool to unravel the mechanisms underlying chronic pain and help overcome the translational gap in drug development.

TL;DR: A systematic review and analysis of published data reporting the effects of pharmacological or genetic blockade of all hypothesised signalling pathways of neurovascular coupling points to the existence of an unknown key signalling mechanism accounting for approximately one third of the neurov vascular response.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests both sustained activity and synaptic plasticity support working memory and rapid Hebbian plasticity can support flexible attractor states analogous to a focus of attention.

TL;DR: An activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis of resting‐state functional connectivity studies in anxiety and anxiety disorders shows that anxiety can be characterized by hypo‐connectivity of the affective network with executive control network and default mode network, as well as decoupling of the ECN with the DMN.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of brain regions associated with basic symbolic number processing, arithmetic, and mental rotation synthesizing results from 83 neuroimaging papers provides new insights into the intersection of numerical and spatial thought in the human brain.

TL;DR: There is overwhelming evidence to support the hypothesis that sucrose consumption results in pathophysiological consequences such as morphological neuronal changes, altered emotional processing and modified behaviour in rodent and human models.

TL;DR: A narrative review of the unique patient-clinician-robot triad in the context of social robots for rehabilitation argues that this context calls for specific design features in order to foster trust with the users.

TL;DR: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of risk/protective factors for PTSD assessed and graded the evidence of the association between each factor and PTSD and found 57 showed a significant association with PTSD.