A cortical neural prosthesis for restoring and enhancing memory
Theodore W. Berger,Robert E. Hampson,Dong Song,Anushka V. Goonawardena,Vasilis Z. Marmarelis,Sam A. Deadwyler +5 more
TLDR
These integrated experimental-modeling studies show for the first time that, with sufficient information about the neural coding of memories, a neural prosthesis capable of real-time diagnosis and manipulation of the encoding process can restore and even enhance cognitive, mnemonic processes.Abstract:
A primary objective in developing a neural prosthesis is to replace neural circuitry in the brain that no longer functions appropriately. Such a goal requires artificial reconstruction of neuron-to-neuron connections in a way that can be recognized by the remaining normal circuitry, and that promotes appropriate interaction. In this study, the application of a specially designed neural prosthesis using a multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear model is demonstrated by using trains of electrical stimulation pulses to substitute for MIMO model derived ensemble firing patterns. Ensembles of CA3 and CA1 hippocampal neurons, recorded from rats performing a delayed-nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) memory task, exhibited successful encoding of trial-specific sample lever information in the form of different spatiotemporal firing patterns. MIMO patterns, identified online and in real-time, were employed within a closed-loop behavioral paradigm. Results showed that the model was able to predict successful performance on the same trial. Also, MIMO model-derived patterns, delivered as electrical stimulation to the same electrodes, improved performance under normal testing conditions and, more importantly, were capable of recovering performance when delivered to animals with ensemble hippocampal activity compromised by pharmacologic blockade of synaptic transmission. These integrated experimental-modeling studies show for the first time that, with sufficient information about the neural coding of memories, a neural prosthesis capable of real-time diagnosis and manipulation of the encoding process can restore and even enhance cognitive, mnemonic processes.read more
Citations
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Brain-Machine Interfaces: From Basic Science to Neuroprostheses and Neurorehabilitation
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Could a Neuroscientist Understand a Microprocessor
Eric Jonas,Konrad P. Kording +1 more
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TL;DR: Some of the challenges that must be met to achieve the critical need of realistic model data to be used as ground truth in the validation of spike-sorting algorithms are described.
Book
Brain-Computer Interfacing: An Introduction
TL;DR: This introduction to the field is designed as a textbook for upper- level undergraduate and first year graduate courses in neural engineering or brain- computer interfacing for students from a wide range of disciplines.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Hippocampal Cognitive Prosthesis: Multi-Input, Multi-Output Nonlinear Modeling and VLSI Implementation
Theodore W. Berger,Dong Song,Rosa H. M. Chan,Vasilis Z. Marmarelis,Jeff LaCoss,Jack Wills,Robert E. Hampson,Sam A. Deadwyler,John J. Granacki +8 more
TL;DR: The development of a cognitive prosthesis designed to restore the ability to form new long-term memories typically lost after damage to the hippocampus, and the capability of the MIMO model for highly accurate predictions of CA1 coded memories that can be made on a single-trial basis and in real-time is demonstrated.
References
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Dong Song,Rosa H. M. Chan,Vasilis Z. Marmarelis,Robert E. Hampson,Sam A. Deadwyler,Theodore W. Berger +5 more
TL;DR: A multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear dynamic model for the input-output transformation of spike trains is formulated and it is shown that this model is equivalent to a generalized linear model with a probit link function.
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