A cortical neural prosthesis for restoring and enhancing memory
Theodore W. Berger,Robert E. Hampson,Dong Song,Anushka V. Goonawardena,Vasilis Z. Marmarelis,Sam A. Deadwyler +5 more
TLDR
These integrated experimental-modeling studies show for the first time that, with sufficient information about the neural coding of memories, a neural prosthesis capable of real-time diagnosis and manipulation of the encoding process can restore and even enhance cognitive, mnemonic processes.Abstract:
A primary objective in developing a neural prosthesis is to replace neural circuitry in the brain that no longer functions appropriately. Such a goal requires artificial reconstruction of neuron-to-neuron connections in a way that can be recognized by the remaining normal circuitry, and that promotes appropriate interaction. In this study, the application of a specially designed neural prosthesis using a multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear model is demonstrated by using trains of electrical stimulation pulses to substitute for MIMO model derived ensemble firing patterns. Ensembles of CA3 and CA1 hippocampal neurons, recorded from rats performing a delayed-nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) memory task, exhibited successful encoding of trial-specific sample lever information in the form of different spatiotemporal firing patterns. MIMO patterns, identified online and in real-time, were employed within a closed-loop behavioral paradigm. Results showed that the model was able to predict successful performance on the same trial. Also, MIMO model-derived patterns, delivered as electrical stimulation to the same electrodes, improved performance under normal testing conditions and, more importantly, were capable of recovering performance when delivered to animals with ensemble hippocampal activity compromised by pharmacologic blockade of synaptic transmission. These integrated experimental-modeling studies show for the first time that, with sufficient information about the neural coding of memories, a neural prosthesis capable of real-time diagnosis and manipulation of the encoding process can restore and even enhance cognitive, mnemonic processes.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain-Machine Interfaces: From Basic Science to Neuroprostheses and Neurorehabilitation
TL;DR: Brain-machine interfaces research has been at the forefront of many neurophysiological discoveries, including the demonstration that, through continuous use, artificial tools can be assimilated by the primate brain's body schema.
Journal ArticleDOI
Could a Neuroscientist Understand a Microprocessor
Eric Jonas,Konrad P. Kording +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the approaches reveal interesting structure in the data but do not meaningfully describe the hierarchy of information processing in the microprocessor, suggesting current analytic approaches in neuroscience may fall short of producing meaningful understanding of neural systems, regardless of the amount of data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards reliable spike-train recordings from thousands of neurons with multielectrodes
TL;DR: Some of the challenges that must be met to achieve the critical need of realistic model data to be used as ground truth in the validation of spike-sorting algorithms are described.
Book
Brain-Computer Interfacing: An Introduction
TL;DR: This introduction to the field is designed as a textbook for upper- level undergraduate and first year graduate courses in neural engineering or brain- computer interfacing for students from a wide range of disciplines.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Hippocampal Cognitive Prosthesis: Multi-Input, Multi-Output Nonlinear Modeling and VLSI Implementation
Theodore W. Berger,Dong Song,Rosa H. M. Chan,Vasilis Z. Marmarelis,Jeff LaCoss,Jack Wills,Robert E. Hampson,Sam A. Deadwyler,John J. Granacki +8 more
TL;DR: The development of a cognitive prosthesis designed to restore the ability to form new long-term memories typically lost after damage to the hippocampus, and the capability of the MIMO model for highly accurate predictions of CA1 coded memories that can be made on a single-trial basis and in real-time is demonstrated.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Dual-process theory and signal-detection theory of recognition memory.
TL;DR: A dual-process version of signal-detection theory implies that individual recognition decisions are not process pure, and it suggests new ways to investigate the brain correlates of recognition memory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct control of paralysed muscles by cortical neurons
TL;DR: It is shown that Macaca nemestrina monkeys can directly control stimulation of muscles using the activity of neurons in the motor cortex, thereby restoring goal-directed movements to a transiently paralysed arm and creating a relatively natural neuroprosthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The time-rescaling theorem and its application to neural spike train data analysis
TL;DR: The time-rescaling theorem may be used to develop goodness-of-fit tests for both parametric and histogram-based point process models of neural spike trains, and a proof using only elementary probability theory arguments is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cortical activity during motor execution, motor imagery, and imagery-based online feedback
Kai J. Miller,Gerwin Schalk,Eberhard E. Fetz,Marcel den Nijs,Jeffrey G. Ojemann,Rajesh P. N. Rao +5 more
TL;DR: By comparing responses to electrocortical stimulation with imagery-induced cortical surface activity, the role of primary motor areas in movement imagery is demonstrated and it is quantitatively established that the spatial distribution of local neuronal population activity during motor imagery mimics the spatial distributed of activity during actual motor movement.
Book
Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling of Physiological Systems
TL;DR: This book discusses the development of nonparametric models for system modeling in Physiological Systems, and some of the models developed included the Wiener Series, Volterra Models, and the VWM Model.