A massive binary black-hole system in OJ 287 and a test of general relativity
Mauri Valtonen,Harry Lehto,Kari Nilsson,Jochen Heidt,L. O. Takalo,A. Sillanpää,Carolin Villforth,M. R. Kidger,G. Poyner,T. Pursimo,Staszek Zola,Staszek Zola,Jin Wu,Xingjiang Zhou,Kozo Sadakane,Marek Drozdz,Dorota Kozieł,Dragomir Marchev,Waldemar Ogloza,C. Porowski,Michal Siwak,G. Stachowski,M. Winiarski,V.-P. Hentunen,M. Nissinen,Alexios Liakos,S.S. Doğru +26 more
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TLDR
The observations confirm the binary nature of the system and also provide evidence for the loss of orbital energy in agreement (within 10 per cent) with the emission of gravitational waves from the system.Abstract:
Black holes are firmly established in astronomy and in the public imagination. Yet the concept still depends on the assumption that Einstein's general theory of relativity is the correct theory of gravitation. Tests of general relativity in a strong gravitational field are best conducted in systems containing black holes. Valtonen et al. report such a test in a close binary system of two proposed black holes in the quasar OJ 287. This quasar shows quasiperiodic optical outbursts at 12-year intervals, with two outburst peaks per interval. The latest outburst in September 2007 was within a day of the time predicted by the binary black hole model and general relativity. Tests of Einstein's general theory of relativity in a strong gravitational field may be best conducted in systems containing black holes. Such a test in a close binary system of two proposed black holes in the quasar OJ287 is reported. This quasar shows quasi-periodic optical outbursts at 12 year intervals, with two outburst peaks per interval. The latest outburst occurred in September 2007, within a day of the time predicted by the binary black hole model and the general relativity. Tests of Einstein’s general theory of relativity have mostly been carried out in weak gravitational fields where the space-time curvature effects are first-order deviations from Newton’s theory1,2,3,4,5,6. Binary pulsars4 provide a means of probing the strong gravitational field around a neutron star, but strong-field effects may be best tested in systems containing black holes7,8. Here we report such a test in a close binary system of two candidate black holes in the quasar OJ 287. This quasar shows quasi-periodic optical outbursts at 12-year intervals, with two outburst peaks per interval9,10. The latest outburst occurred in September 2007, within a day of the time predicted by the binary black-hole model and general relativity11. The observations confirm the binary nature of the system and also provide evidence for the loss of orbital energy in agreement (within 10 per cent) with the emission of gravitational waves from the system12. In the absence of gravitational wave emission the outburst would have happened 20 days later13.read more
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References
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0957 + 561 A, B: twin quasistellar objects or gravitational lens?
TL;DR: Difficulties arise in describing these two QSOs as two distinct objects and the possibility that they are two images of the same object formed by a gravitational lens is discussed.
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Further experimental tests of relativistic gravity using the binary pulsar PSR 1913+16
TL;DR: In this paper, the mass of the binary pulsar PSR 1913 + 16 has been determined with remarkably high precision, at a level of precision consistent with a straightforward model allowing for the motion of the earth, special and general relativistic effects within the solar system, dispersive propagation in the interstellar medium and deterministic spin-down behavior of the pulsar itself.
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OJ 287 - Binary pair of supermassive black holes
TL;DR: In this paper, a historical light curve of the BL Lacertae object OJ 287 is constructed in the optical V band using observations between 1890 and the present using a computer simulation, and probable masses of 5 billion solar and 20 million solar are determined for the two objects based on indirect evidence.
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A confirmation of the general relativistic prediction of the Lense–Thirring effect
Ignazio Ciufolini,E. C. Pavlis +1 more
TL;DR: A measurement of the Lense–Thirring effect on two Earth satellites is reported: it is 99 ± 5 per cent of the value predicted by general relativity; the uncertainty of this measurement includes all known random and systematic errors, but the total ± 10 per cent uncertainty is allowed to include underestimated and unknown sources of error.
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OJ 287 Outburst Structure and a Binary Black Hole Model
Harry Lehto,Mauri Valtonen +1 more