A matter of life and death: self-renewal in stem cells.
Elaine Fuchs,Ting Chen +1 more
TLDR
This review focuses on elucidating conceptually, experimentally and mechanistically, the understanding of adult stem cell self‐renewal, using skin as a paradigm for discussing many of the salient points about this process, and draws on the knowledge gained to delineate shared underlying principles and highlight mechanistic distinctions among adult tissue stem cells.Abstract:
If Narcissus could have self-renewed even once on seeing his own reflection, he would have died a happy man. Stem cells, on the other hand, have an enormous capacity for self-renewal; in other words, the ability to replicate and generate more of the same. In adult organisms, stem cells reside in specialized niches within each tissue. They replenish tissue cells that are lost during normal homeostasis, and on injury they repair damaged tissue. The ability of a stem cell to self-renew is governed by the dynamic interaction between the intrinsic proteins it expresses and the extrinsic signals that it receives from the niche microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms governing when to proliferate and when to differentiate is vital, not only to normal stem cell biology, but also to ageing and cancer. This review focuses on elucidating conceptually, experimentally and mechanistically, our understanding of adult stem cell self-renewal. We use skin as a paradigm for discussing many of the salient points about this process, but also draw on the knowledge gained from these and other adult stem cell systems to delineate shared underlying principles, as well as highlight mechanistic distinctions among adult tissue stem cells. By doing so, we pinpoint important questions that still await answers.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Extracellular matrix: A dynamic microenvironment for stem cell niche
TL;DR: Engineered biomaterials able to mimic the in vivo characteristics of stem cell niche provide suitable in vitro tools for dissecting the different roles exerted by the ECM and its molecular components on stem cell behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Hippo signaling pathway in stem cell biology and cancer.
TL;DR: The Hippo signaling pathway, consisting of a highly conserved kinase cascade (MST and Lats) and downstream transcription coactivators (YAP and TAZ), plays a key role in tissue homeostasis and organ size control by regulating tissue‐specific stem cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hippo-YAP/TAZ signalling in organ regeneration and regenerative medicine.
Iván M. Moya,Georg Halder +1 more
TL;DR: The role of Hippo signalling in animal regeneration is reviewed, the promises and risks of YAP/TAZ activation for regenerative medicine are examined, and strategies to activate YAP-TAZ for Regenerative therapy while minimizing adverse side effects are discussed.
Dissertation
Functional engraftment of colon epithelium expanded in vitro from a single adult Lgr5⁺ stem cell
Book ChapterDOI
The Physical and Biochemical Properties of the Extracellular Matrix Regulate Cell Fate.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the extracellular matrix not only transmits cellular and tissue-level force to shape development and tune cellular activities that are key for coordinated tissue behavior, but that it is itself remodeled such that it temporally evolves to maintain the integrated function of the tissue.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5
Nick Barker,Johan H. van Es,Jeroen Kuipers,Pekka Kujala,Maaike van den Born,Miranda Cozijnsen,Andrea Haegebarth,Jeroen Korving,Harry Begthel,Peter J. Peters,Hans Clevers +10 more
TL;DR: The expression pattern of Lgr5 suggests that it marks stem cells in multiple adult tissues and cancers, suggesting that it represents the stem cell of the small intestine and colon.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Direct Measurement of the Radiation Sensitivity of Normal Mouse Bone Marrow Cells
TL;DR: Counts of macroscopic splenic colonies were used to obtain an estimate of the radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow progenitor cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: Implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis
TL;DR: It is suggested that follicular stem cells reside in the bulge region, instead of the lower bulb, which provides insights into hair cycle control and the possible involvement of hair follicle stem cells in skin carcinogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts
Toshiro Sato,Johan H. van Es,Hugo J. Snippert,Daniel E. Stange,Robert G.J. Vries,Maaike van den Born,Nick Barker,Noah F. Shroyer,Marc van de Wetering,Hans Clevers +9 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that Lgr5 stem cells compete for essential niche signals provided by a specialized daughter cell, the Paneth cell, in colon crypts, and co-culturing of sorted stem cells with Paneth cells markedly improves organoid formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Defining the epithelial stem cell niche in skin.
Tudorita Tumbar,Géraldine Guasch,Valentina Greco,Cédric Blanpain,William E. Lowry,Michael Rendl,Elaine Fuchs +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that these cells rarely divide within their niche but change properties abruptly when stimulated to exit, and their transcriptional profile is determined, which, when compared to progeny and other SCs, defines the niche.