Showing papers in "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta in 2014"

TL;DR: This review will focus on the role of the main cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors in the pathophysiology of auto-inflammatory disorders, pro- inflammatory disorders, and neurological disorders involving inflammation.

TL;DR: Engineered biomaterials able to mimic the in vivo characteristics of stem cell niche provide suitable in vitro tools for dissecting the different roles exerted by the ECM and its molecular components on stem cell behavior.

TL;DR: Evidence not only demonstrates the full spectrum of oxidative damage to neuronal macromolecules, but also reveals the occurrence of oxidative events early in the course of the disease and prior to the formation of the pathology, which support an important role of oxidative stress in AD.

TL;DR: The review here will emphasize their aberrant expression and function in cancer, and the roles in cancer diagnosis and therapy will be also discussed.

TL;DR: The lipid content of circulating exosomes could be useful biomarkers of lipid related diseases and how they constitute an additional lipid transport system are considered in this review.

TL;DR: This chapter reviews the technical background of the different commercially available NGS platforms with respect to template generation and the sequencing reaction and takes a small step towards what the upcoming NGS technologies will bring.

TL;DR: Key recent advances in the understanding of the epigenetic language encompassing histone and DNA modifications are highlighted and foreshadow challenges that lie ahead as the authors continue the quest to decipher the fundamental mechanisms of chromatin regulation.

TL;DR: The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis unequivocally states in sporadic, late-onset AD, mitochondrial function affects amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, APP processing, or beta amyloids (Aβ) accumulation and argues if an amyloidal cascade truly exists, mitochondria function triggers it.

TL;DR: Components for successful exosome-based drug delivery, such as choice of donor cell, therapeutic cargo, use of targeting peptide, loading method and administration route are highlighted and discussed with a general focus pertaining to the results obtained in models of different cancer types.

TL;DR: The cellular and molecular players that participate in the regulation of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance are discussed, with particular attention being placed on the roles of the cellular players in these pathogeneses.

TL;DR: The evidence for critical roles ofSTAT3 in oncogenesis is presented and the potential for development of novel cancer therapies based on mechanistic understanding of STAT3 signaling cascade is discussed.

TL;DR: The extent of interspecies conservation among different lncRNAs is reviewed, with a focus on a subset of lnc RNAs that have been functionally investigated, and several examples of l NCRNAs where RNA structure appears to be the main functional unit and evolutionary constraint.

TL;DR: In updated versions of the model more emphasis has been placed on the mosaic nature of the macrostructure of cellular membranes where many protein and lipid components are limited in their rotational and lateral motilities in the membrane plane, especially in their natural states.

TL;DR: This review highlights recent evidence for effects of anthracyclines on DNA torsion and chromatin dynamics that may underlie basic mechanisms of doxorubicin-mediated cell death and suggest new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.

TL;DR: This review summarizes current knowledge about aquaporin-facilitated H2O2 diffusion across cellular membranes and places this knowledge in the context of the current understanding of transmembrane redox signaling processes.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the functions proposed for MAM in mediating key cellular events including the transport of calcium from the ER to mitochondria, the import of phosphatidylserine into mitochondria from theER for decarboxylation to phosphatidethanolamine, the formation of autophagosomes, regulation of the morphology, dynamics and functions of mitochondria and cell survival.

TL;DR: Recent advances in RING-type E3 recognition of substrates, their cellular regulation, and their varied architecture are reviewed.

TL;DR: Several recent discoveries suggest how lysine methylation may help to target DNA methylation during development, and vice versa, and the emerging role of non-methylated DNA found in CpG islands in defining histone lysines methylation profiles at gene regulatory elements will be discussed in the context of gene regulation.

TL;DR: An overview of the reported SC lipid composition and organization mainly focusing on healthy and diseased human skin is provided and an overview on the relation between lipid modulations and the impaired skin barrier function is provided.

TL;DR: It appears important to develop new compounds that target key vascular ROS producing enzymes and mimic endogenous antioxidants, which might prove clinically relevant in preventing the development and/or retarding the progression of diabetes associated with vascular diseases.

TL;DR: General features of MLR and caveolae are reviewed and their role in several aspects of cellular function, including polarity of endothelial and epithelial cells, cell migration, mechanotransduction, lymphocyte activation, neuronal growth and signaling, and a variety of disease settings are reviewed.

TL;DR: The current understanding of the functional role that cardiolipin plays in several reactions and processes involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, including the respiratory chain complexes and substrate carrier proteins is discussed.

TL;DR: This review highlights the current knowledge on post-meiotic chromatin reorganization and reveals for the first time intriguing parallels in this process in Drosophila and mammals and illustrates the possible mechanisms that lead from a histone-based chromatin to a mainly protamine-based structure during spermatid differentiation.

TL;DR: The novel and unconventional processes that occur at the ER-mitochondria interface demonstrate its multifunctional and intrinsically dynamic nature.

TL;DR: It is now evident that most of the physiological variation in LPL activity, such as during fasting and exercise, appears to be driven via post-translational mechanisms by extracellular proteins.

TL;DR: The contributions of the proteasome to human pathology, mechanisms that regulate the proteolytic capacity of the Proteasome are described, and strategies to modulate proteasomes function as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate diseases associated with altered UPS function are discussed.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the recognition process and subsequent degradation of misfolded proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the different cell compartments of eukaryotic cells.

TL;DR: A wide-range of membrane protein systems for which ligand binding interactions have been characterised using SPR are described, including the major drug targets G protein-coupled receptors, and how challenges have been overcome for achieving this.

TL;DR: Data from oxidant-sensitive fluorescent probes can provide some information on cellular redox activity but is widely misinterpreted, and more information on specificity and cellular reactions is needed.

TL;DR: The current view on the role of MMPs in the regulation of inflammation is discussed and more precise information on the MMP-substrate interaction may offer novel strategies for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases and cancer without blocking beneficial actions of M MPs.