Book ChapterDOI
A review of biochar and its use and function in soil
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The potential to sequester carbon as thermally stabilized (charred) biomass using existing organic resource is estimated to be at least 1 Gt/yr − 1 and biochar, defined by its useful application to soil, is expected to provide a benefit from enduring physical and chemical properties.Abstract:
Agricultural activities and soils release greenhouse gases, and additional emissions occur in the conversion of land from other uses. Unlike natural lands, active management offers the possibility to increase terrestrial stores of carbon in various forms in soil. The potential to sequester carbon as thermally stabilized (charred) biomass using existing organic resource is estimated to be at least 1 Gt yr − 1 and “biochar,” defined by its useful application to soil, is expected to provide a benefit from enduring physical and chemical properties. Studies of charcoal tend to suggest stability in the order of 1000 years in the natural environment, and various analytical techniques inform quantification and an understanding of turnover processes. Other types of biochar, such as those produced under zero-oxygen conditions have been studied less, but costs associated with logistics and opportunity costs from diversion from energy or an active form in soil demand certainty and predictability of the agronomic return, especially until eligibility for carbon credits has been established. The mechanisms of biochar function in soil, which appear to be sensitive to the conditions prevailing during its formation or manufacture, are also affected by the material from which it is produced. Proposed mechanisms and some experimental evidence point to added environmental function in the mitigation of diffuse pollution and emissions of trace gases from soil; precluding the possibility of contaminants accumulating in soil from the incorporation of biochar is important to ensure safety and regulatory compliance.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Immobilization of Pb and Cu by organic and inorganic amendments in contaminated soil
Muhammad Rizwan,Muhammad Rizwan,Muhammad Imtiaz,Muhammad Imtiaz,Jun Zhu,Balal Yousaf,Mubshar Hussain,Liaqat Ali,Allah Ditta,Allah Ditta,M. Zahid Ihsan,Guoyong Huang,Guoyong Huang,Muhammad Ashraf,Hongqing Hu +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, a series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of rice straw, rice straw derived biochar (BC), multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and single superphosphate (SSP) on immobilization of Pb and Cu via sequential extraction of BCR, total characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), and metals phytoavailability to rapeseed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Biochar Application on CO2 Emissions from a Cultivated Soil under Semiarid Climate Conditions in Northwest China
TL;DR: In this paper, the short and medium-term effects of biochar application on CO2 emissions from semiarid farmland were investigated, and the results suggested that biochar amendment was a preferable management practice to help maintain or increase carbon sequestration for this region with lower CO 2 emissions and higher dry matter production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Response of soil microbial community to application of biochar in cotton soils with different continuous cropping years
TL;DR: The results suggest that the biochar application has a significant impact on the soil bacterial community, which may improve the microbial diversity of continuous cropping systems in cotton soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil
D. N. Tarla,Larry E. Erickson,Ganga M. Hettiarachchi,Sixtus I. Amadi,Madhubhashini B. Galkaduwa,Lawrence C. Davis,Asil Nurzhanova,Valentina Pidlisnyuk +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the management and destruction of obsolete pesticides and the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil are significant global issues with importance in agriculture, environmental health and quality of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of bio-carbon and ligno-cellulosic fiber reinforced bio-composites with compatibilizer
Dilpreet S. Bajwa,Sushil Adhikari,Jamileh Shojaeiarani,Sreekala G. Bajwa,Pankaj Pandey,Saravanan R. Shanmugam +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of biochar and wood fiber in the presence of coupling agent (maleic anhydride) on the properties of bio-composites was investigated.
References
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Book
HUmus Chemistry Genesis, Composition, Reactions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of organic matter in soil using NMR Spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis, showing that organic matter is composed of nitrogen and ammonium.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change
Tim Searchinger,Ralph E. Heimlich,Richard A. Houghton,Fengxia Dong,Amani Elobeid,Jacinto F. Fabiosa,Simla Tokgoz,Dermot J. Hayes,Tun-Hsiang Yu +8 more
TL;DR: This article found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20% savings, nearly doubled greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increased greenhouse gases for 167 years, by using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land-use change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt
TL;DR: Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop–based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and the United States creates a “biofuel carbon debt” by releasing 17 to 420 times more CO2 than the annual greenhouse gas reductions that these biofuel reductions would provide by displacing fossil fuels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon
TL;DR: The second most important contribution to anthropogenic climate warming, after carbon dioxide emissions, was made by black carbon emissions as mentioned in this paper, which is an efficient absorbing agent of solar irradiation that is preferentially emitted in the tropics and can form atmospheric brown clouds in mixture with other aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies
TL;DR: A portfolio of technologies now exists to meet the world's energy needs over the next 50 years and limit atmospheric CO 2 to a trajectory that avoids a doubling of the preindustrial concentration as mentioned in this paper.