Book ChapterDOI
A review of biochar and its use and function in soil
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The potential to sequester carbon as thermally stabilized (charred) biomass using existing organic resource is estimated to be at least 1 Gt/yr − 1 and biochar, defined by its useful application to soil, is expected to provide a benefit from enduring physical and chemical properties.Abstract:
Agricultural activities and soils release greenhouse gases, and additional emissions occur in the conversion of land from other uses. Unlike natural lands, active management offers the possibility to increase terrestrial stores of carbon in various forms in soil. The potential to sequester carbon as thermally stabilized (charred) biomass using existing organic resource is estimated to be at least 1 Gt yr − 1 and “biochar,” defined by its useful application to soil, is expected to provide a benefit from enduring physical and chemical properties. Studies of charcoal tend to suggest stability in the order of 1000 years in the natural environment, and various analytical techniques inform quantification and an understanding of turnover processes. Other types of biochar, such as those produced under zero-oxygen conditions have been studied less, but costs associated with logistics and opportunity costs from diversion from energy or an active form in soil demand certainty and predictability of the agronomic return, especially until eligibility for carbon credits has been established. The mechanisms of biochar function in soil, which appear to be sensitive to the conditions prevailing during its formation or manufacture, are also affected by the material from which it is produced. Proposed mechanisms and some experimental evidence point to added environmental function in the mitigation of diffuse pollution and emissions of trace gases from soil; precluding the possibility of contaminants accumulating in soil from the incorporation of biochar is important to ensure safety and regulatory compliance.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biochar properties and soil type drive the uptake of macro‐ and micronutrients in maize (Zea mays L.)
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential of biochar application to mitigate salinity stress in eggplant
Ved Parkash,Sukhbir Singh +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of salinity stress on physiology, shoot and root growth, and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and evaluate the potential of hardwood biochar and softwood biochars to mitigate the damaging effects on eggplant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Different Levels of Irrigation Water Salinity and Biochar Influence on Faba Bean Yield, Water Productivity, and Ions Uptake
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different levels of irrigation water salinity (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 dS m−1) and wheat straw biochar was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-Temperature Annealed Biochar as a Conductive Filler for the Production of Piezoresistive Materials for Energy Conversion Application
Mauro Giorcelli,Mauro Giorcelli,Mattia Bartoli,Alessandro Sanginario,Elisa Padovano,Carlo Rosso,Massimo Rovere,Alberto Tagliaferro,Alberto Tagliaferro +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a prototype that is able to convert mechanical strain into an electrical signal using a thermally annealing annealer. And they evaluated the electrical properties of the anneale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of biochar and NPK on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity during 2 years of application in the arid region
Muhammad Azeem,Muhammad Azeem,Rifat Hayat,Qaiser Hussain,Muhammad Ibrahim Tahir,Muhammad Imran,Zafar Abbas,Muhammad Sajid,Abdul Latif,Muhammad Irfan +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction of biochar and fertilizer and their effect on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity is studied. But, the results of the experiments were limited to two years under mash bean-wheat cropping system.
References
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Book
HUmus Chemistry Genesis, Composition, Reactions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of organic matter in soil using NMR Spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis, showing that organic matter is composed of nitrogen and ammonium.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change
Tim Searchinger,Ralph E. Heimlich,Richard A. Houghton,Fengxia Dong,Amani Elobeid,Jacinto F. Fabiosa,Simla Tokgoz,Dermot J. Hayes,Tun-Hsiang Yu +8 more
TL;DR: This article found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20% savings, nearly doubled greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increased greenhouse gases for 167 years, by using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land-use change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt
TL;DR: Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop–based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and the United States creates a “biofuel carbon debt” by releasing 17 to 420 times more CO2 than the annual greenhouse gas reductions that these biofuel reductions would provide by displacing fossil fuels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon
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Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies
TL;DR: A portfolio of technologies now exists to meet the world's energy needs over the next 50 years and limit atmospheric CO 2 to a trajectory that avoids a doubling of the preindustrial concentration as mentioned in this paper.