Journal ArticleDOI
A Synthesis of Progress and Uncertainties in Attributing the Sources of Mercury in Deposition
Steve E. Lindberg,Russell Bullock,Ralf Ebinghaus,Daniel R. Engstrom,Xinbin Feng,William F. Fitzgerald,Nicola Pirrone,Eric M. Prestbo,Christian Seigneur +8 more
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TLDR
It is agreed that the uncertainty is strongly dependent upon scale and that the question as stated is answerable with greater confidence both very near and very far from major point sources, assuming that the “global pool” is a recognizable “source.”Abstract:
A panel of international experts was convened in Madison, Wisconsin, in 2005, as part of the 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant. Our charge was to address the state of science pertinent to source attribution, specifically our key question was: "For a given location, can we ascertain with confidence the relative contributions of local, regional, and global sources, and of natural versus anthropogenic emissions to mercury deposition?" The panel synthesized new research pertinent to this question published over the past decade, with emphasis on four major research topics: long-term anthropogenic change, current emission and deposition trends, chemical transformations and cycling, and modeling and uncertainty. Within each topic, the panel drew a series of conclusions, which are presented in this paper. These conclusions led us to concur that the answer to our question is a "qualified yes," with the qualification being dependent upon the level of uncertainty one is willing to accept. We agreed that the uncertainty is strongly dependent upon scale and that our question as stated is answerable with greater confidence both very near and very far from major point sources, assuming that the "global pool" is a recognizable "source." Many regions of interest from an ecosystem-exposure standpoint lie in between, where source attribution carries the greatest degree of uncertainty.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Mercury emissions from industrial sources in China
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of industrial mercury emissions from industrial sources in China is presented, which includes fuel oil for stationary sources, gasoline, diesel and kerosene, biofuel combustion, Grassland/ savannah burning, waste and residue burning, cement production, iron and steel production, caustic soda production, non-ferrous metal smelting (Zn, Pb, Cu, and Au), mercury mining, and battery and fluorescent lamp production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mass-dependent and mass-independent variations in the isotope composition of mercury in cores from lakes polluted by a smelter: Effects of smelter emissions, natural processes, and their interactions
TL;DR: In this paper, sediment cores from three lakes polluted by a smelter and located 3.8, 9.4, and 21.0 km from it revealed that mercury (Hg) has an isotope signature which denotes enrichment in lighter isotopes by mass-dependent fractionation, suggesting volatilisation as isotopically light Hg(0) followed by oxidation to reactive gaseous Hg (II) by flue gas constituents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mercury Plumes in the Global Upper Troposphere Observed during Flights with the CARIBIC Observatory from May 2005 until June 2013
Franz Slemr,Andreas Weigelt,Ralf Ebinghaus,Carl A. M. Brenninkmeijer,Angela K. Baker,Tanja Schuck,Armin Rauthe-Schöch,Hella Riede,E. Leedham,Markus Hermann,Peter van Velthoven,David E. Oram,Debbie O’Sullivan,Christoph Dyroff,Andreas Zahn,Helmut Ziereis +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the occurrence of plumes with elevated Hg concentrations over East Asia, in the African equatorial region, over South America and over Pakistan and India.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis and assessment of nickel and chromium pollution in soils around Baghejar Chromite Mine of Sabzevar Ophiolite Belt, Northeastern Iran
Eisa Solgi,Javad Parmah +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, heavy metals (Cr and Ni) in soil samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry to detect their concentrations and contour maps were produced to explain the metal spatial distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Correlation slopes of GEM / CO, GEM / CO 2 , and GEM / CH 4 and estimated mercury emissions in China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia derived from observations in northwestern and southwestern China
Xihong Fu,Huifang Zhang,Cynthia Lin,Cynthia Lin,Cynthia Lin,Xinxing Feng,L. X. Zhou,S. X. Fang +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors calculated the correlation slopes of GEM/CO, GEM / CO 2, GEM/(CO 2 ) and GEM(CH4) for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia using the ground-based observations at three remote sites in northwestern and southwestern China, and applied these values to estimate GEM emissions in the four source regions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The biogeochemical cycling of elemental mercury: Anthropogenic influences☆
TL;DR: A review of the available information on global Hg cycling shows that the atmosphere and surface ocean are in rapid equilibrium; the evasion of Hg0 from the oceans is balanced by the total oceanic deposition of hg(II) from the atmosphere as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Case for Atmospheric Mercury Contamination in Remote Areas
TL;DR: A review of the weaknesses in interpretation and the choice of information that has been used to argue against atmospheric Hg contamination can be found in this paper, where the authors examine the weaknesses of the information used to support the prevailing scientific view that natural geologic sources are the principal contributors of Hg.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000
TL;DR: Wilson et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a new inventory of global emissions of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources for the year 2000, showing that the largest emissions of Hg to the global atmosphere occur from combustion of fossil fuels, mainly coal in utility, industrial, and residential boilers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Arctic springtime depletion of mercury
W.H. Schroeder,Kurt G. Anlauf,Leonard A. Barrie,J. Y. Lu,Alexandra Steffen,D. Schneeberger,Torunn Berg +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that during the spring (April to early June) of 1995, there were frequent episodic depletions in mercury vapour concentrations in Arctic surface air.