Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving
Steven Grant,Edythe D. London,David B. Newlin,Victor L. Villemagne,Xiang Liu,Carlo Contoreggi,Robert L. Phillips,Alane S. Kimes,Arthur Margolin +8 more
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TLDR
Correlations of metabolic increases in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobe, and cerebellum with self-reports of craving suggest that a distributed neural network, which integrates emotional and cognitive aspects of memory, links environmental cues with cocaine craving.Abstract:
Evidence accumulated over more than 45 years has indicated that environmental stimuli can induce craving for drugs of abuse in individuals who have addictive disorders. However, the brain mechanisms that subserve such craving have not been elucidated. Here a positron emission tomographic study shows increased glucose metabolism in cortical and limbic regions implicated in several forms of memory when human volunteers who abuse cocaine are exposed to drug-related stimuli. Correlations of metabolic increases in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobe (amygdala), and cerebellum with self-reports of craving suggest that a distributed neural network, which integrates emotional and cognitive aspects of memory, links environmental cues with cocaine craving.read more
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Neurocircuitry of Addiction
George F. Koob,Nora D. Volkow +1 more
TL;DR: The delineation of the neurocircuitry of the evolving stages of the addiction syndrome forms a heuristic basis for the search for the molecular, genetic, and neuropharmacological neuroadaptations that are key to vulnerability for developing and maintaining addiction.
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Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis.
George F. Koob,Michel Le Moal +1 more
TL;DR: The view that addiction is the pathology that results from an allostatic mechanism using the circuits established for natural rewards provides a realistic approach to identifying the neurobiological factors that produce vulnerability to addiction and relapse.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drug Addiction and Its Underlying Neurobiological Basis: Neuroimaging Evidence for the Involvement of the Frontal Cortex
Rita Z. Goldstein,Nora D. Volkow +1 more
TL;DR: An integrated model of drug addiction that encompasses intoxication, bingeing, withdrawal, and craving is proposed, and results imply that addiction connotes cortically regulated cognitive and emotional processes, which result in the overvaluing of drug reinforcers, the undervalued of alternative rein forcers, and deficits in inhibitory control for drug responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impulsivity resulting from frontostriatal dysfunction in drug abuse: implications for the control of behavior by reward-related stimuli.
J. D. Jentsch,James Taylor +1 more
TL;DR: The neuro-anatomical and neurochemical substrates subserving inhibitory control and motivational processes in the rodent and primate brain and their putative impact on drug seeking are considered and an integrative hypothesis for compulsive reward-seeking in drug abuse is presented.
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Limbic Activation During Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving
Anna Rose Childress,P. David Mozley,W. Mcelgin,Josh Fitzgerald,Martin Reivich,Charles P. O'Brien +5 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that limbic activation is one component of cue-induced cocaine craving and may be similarly involved in appetitive craving for other drugs and for natural rewards.
References
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Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: validation of method.
Michael E. Phelps,Michael E. Phelps,Sung-Cheng Huang,Sung-Cheng Huang,Edward J. Hoffman,Edward J. Hoffman,Carl Selin,Carl Selin,L. Sokoloff,L. Sokoloff,David E. Kuhl,David E. Kuhl +11 more
TL;DR: The data indicate that cerebral FDG‐6‐PO4 in humans increases for about 90 minutes, plateaus, and then slowly decreases, and that cerebral blood FDG activity levels were found to be a minor fraction of tissue activity.