An Optical Disdrometer for Measuring Size and Velocity of Hydrometeors
Martin Löffler-Mang,Jürg Joss +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this article, a prototype optical disdrometer is presented, which is easy to handle, robust, and low cost, allowing a cluster of instruments to investigate the spatial and temporal fine-scale structure of precipitation, and it provides reliable detection of the range of small drops.Abstract:
The characteristics of a prototype optical disdrometer are presented. Particles are detectable in the diameter range from 0.3 to 30 mm having velocities of up to 20 m s−1. Advantages of the new system are (i) it is easy to handle, robust, and low cost, allowing a cluster of instruments to investigate the spatial and temporal fine-scale structure of precipitation; (ii) it provides reliable detection of the range of small drops; and (iii) it allows the possibility of snow measurements. Results of rain measurements are compared with data from a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer and a Hellmann rain gauge. Furthermore, some snow measurements are presented and compared with results of a research spectrometer. The overall agreement is good. The repeatability of particle size estimation was checked in the diameter range between 1.4 and 8.0 mm and yielded a standard deviation of less than 5%. For drop velocities the standard deviation varies between 25% (0.3-mm drops) and 10% (5-mm drops). The optical disdromete...read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Mountain hydrology of the western United States
Roger C. Bales,Noah P. Molotch,Noah P. Molotch,Thomas H. Painter,Michael D. Dettinger,Robert Rice,Jeff Dozier +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrative approach to monitoring, modeling, and sensing the mountain environment that will improve understanding and prediction of hydrologic fluxes and processes is proposed, which is similar to the work in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vision and Rain
Kshitiz Garg,Shree K. Nayar +1 more
TL;DR: A photometric model that describes the intensities produced by individual rain streaks and a dynamic model that captures the spatio-temporal properties of rain are developed, which describe the complete visual appearance of rain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global precipitation measurement: Methods, datasets and applications
Francisco J. Tapiador,F. J. Turk,Walter A. Petersen,Arthur Y. Hou,Eduardo García-Ortega,Luiz A. T. Machado,Carlos F. Angelis,Paola Salio,Chris Kidd,Chris Kidd,George J. Huffman,Manuel Moreno de Castro +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the many aspects of precipitation measurement that are relevant to providing an accurate global assessment of this important environmental parameter, including ground data, satellite estimates and numerical models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Citizen science in hydrology and water resources: opportunities for knowledge generation, ecosystem service management, and sustainable development
Wouter Buytaert,Wouter Buytaert,Zed Zulkafli,Zed Zulkafli,Sam Grainger,Luis Acosta,Tilashwork C. Alemie,Tilashwork C. Alemie,Johan Bastiaensen,Bert De Bièvre,Jagat K. Bhusal,Julian Clark,Art Dewulf,Marc Foggin,David M. Hannah,Christian Hergarten,Aiganysh Isaeva,Timothy Karpouzoglou,Bhopal Pandeya,Deepak Paudel,Keshav P. Sharma,Tammo S. Steenhuis,Tammo S. Steenhuis,Seifu A. Tilahun,Seifu A. Tilahun,Geert Van Hecken,Munavar Zhumanova +26 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the state of citizen science in a hydrological context and explore the potential for citizen science to complement more traditional ways of scientific data collection and knowledge generation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two-dimensional video disdrometer: A description
Anton Kruger,Witold F. Krajewski +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the design and operation of a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) for in situ measurements of precipitation drop size distribution in a field setting.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air
Ross Gunn,Gilbert D. Kinzer +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the terminal velocities for distilled water droplets falling through stagnant air are accurately determined using a new method employing electronic techniques, and the over-all accuracy of the massterminal-velocity measurements is better than 0.7 per cent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Doppler radar characteristics of precipitation at vertical incidence
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review and extension of the theoretical bases for the measurement of the characteristics of rain and snow with vertically pointing Doppler radar are presented, where the drop size distribution in rain can be computed from the Doppher spectrum, provided that the updraft can be estimated, but difficulties are involved in the case of snow.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles
John D. Locatelli,Peter V. Hobbs +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the fall speeds and masses of a large number of different types of solid precipitation particles were measured and the effects of riming and aggregation on the fall speed and mass were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ein Spektrograph für Niederschlagstropfen mit automatischer Auswertung
J. Joss,A. Waldvogel +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a new spectrometer which gives a continuous record of the size distribution of raindrops is described, where the basic principle is the automatic compensation of the force produced by a raindrop falling upon the rigid receiving system.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Optical Array: An Alternative to Scattering or Extinction for Airborne Particle Size Determination
TL;DR: In this article, an electro-optical technique for the measurement of the size distributions of cloud and precipitation particles is described, which utilizes a linear array of photodetectors as a size measuring grid in a typical shadowgraph-type imaging system.