Aphid Feeding Activates Expression of a Transcriptome of Oxylipin-based Defense Signals in Wheat Involved in Resistance to Herbivory
Charles Michael Smith,Xuming Liu,Liang J. Wang,Xiang Liu,Ming-Shun Chen,Sharon Starkey,Jianfa Bai +6 more
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TLDR
It was found that RWA-infested Dnx plants upregulated >180 genes related to reactive oxygen species, signaling, pathogen defense, and arthropod allelochemical and physical defense, suggesting that DnX RWA defense and resistance genes may be regulated via the oxylipin pathway.Abstract:
Damage by the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia, significantly reduces wheat and barley yields worldwide. In compatible interactions, virulent RWA populations flourish and susceptible plants suffer extensive leaf chlorophyll loss. In incompatible interactions, RWA reproduction and population growth are significantly reduced and RWA-related chlorophyll loss in resistant plants is minor. The objectives of this study were to develop an understanding of the molecular and phytochemical bases of RWA resistance in plants containing the Dnx resistance gene. Microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and phytohormone assays were conducted to identify transcriptome components unique to RWA-infested Dnx plants and susceptible (Dn0) plants, and to identify and characterize putative genes involved in Dnx plant defense responses. We found that RWA-infested Dnx plants upregulated >180 genes related to reactive oxygen species, signaling, pathogen defense, and arthropod allelochemical and physical defense. The expression of several of these genes in RWA-infested Dnx plants increased significantly from 6- to 24-h post infestation (hpi), but their expression in Dn0 plants, when present, was delayed until 48- to 96 hpi. Concentrations of 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids, trans-methyl-12-oxophytodienoic acid, and abscisic acid were significantly greater in Dnx foliage than in Dn0 foliage after RWA infestation, suggesting that Dnx RWA defense and resistance genes may be regulated via the oxylipin pathway. These findings provide a foundation for the elucidation of the molecular basis for compatible- and incompatible plant-aphid interactions.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Bases of Plant Resistance to Arthropods
TL;DR: Plant and arthropod genomics provide many opportunities to more efficiently develop arthropid-resistant plants, but integration of resistant cultivars into IPM programs will succeed only through interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Plant resistance to aphid feeding: behavioral, physiological, genetic and molecular cues regulate aphid host selection and feeding
C. Michael Smith,Wen-Po Chuang +1 more
TL;DR: Virulence to aphid resistance genes of plants occurs in 17 aphid species--more than half of all arthropod biotypes demonstrating virulence, highlighting the need to identify new sources of resistance of diverse sequence and function in order to delay or prevent biotype development.
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Plant defense against aphids, the pest extraordinaire.
TL;DR: The progress made on identifying molecular factors and mechanisms that contribute to host defense, including plant resistance genes and signaling components, as well as aphid-derived effectors that elicit or attenuate host defenses are highlighted.
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Rhizobacteria modify plant–aphid interactions: a case of induced systemic susceptibility
TL;DR: This study presents the first data on rhizobacteria-induced systemic susceptibility to an herbivorous insect, supporting the pattern proposed for other belowground beneficial microbes and aboveground phloem feeders and providing further evidence that at the transcript level, soil-borne microbes modify plant-aphid interactions.
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Priming of wheat with the green leaf volatile Z-3-hexenyl acetate enhances defense against Fusarium graminearum but boosts deoxynivalenol production.
Maarten Ameye,Kris Audenaert,Nathalie De Zutter,Kathy Steppe,Lieven Van Meulebroek,Lynn Vanhaecke,David De Vleesschauwer,Geert Haesaert,Guy Smagghe +8 more
TL;DR: P preexposure to the green leaf volatile Z-3-hexenyl acetate primed wheat for enhanced defense against subsequent infection with the hemibiotrophic fungus Fusarium graminearum, demonstrating the importance of temporally separated hormone changes in molding plant health and disease.
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