Open AccessProceedings Article
Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift
Sergey Ioffe,Christian Szegedy +1 more
- Vol. 1, pp 448-456
TLDR
Applied to a state-of-the-art image classification model, Batch Normalization achieves the same accuracy with 14 times fewer training steps, and beats the original model by a significant margin.Abstract:
Training Deep Neural Networks is complicated by the fact that the distribution of each layer's inputs changes during training, as the parameters of the previous layers change. This slows down the training by requiring lower learning rates and careful parameter initialization, and makes it notoriously hard to train models with saturating nonlinearities. We refer to this phenomenon as internal covariate shift, and address the problem by normalizing layer inputs. Our method draws its strength from making normalization a part of the model architecture and performing the normalization for each training mini-batch. Batch Normalization allows us to use much higher learning rates and be less careful about initialization, and in some cases eliminates the need for Dropout. Applied to a state-of-the-art image classification model, Batch Normalization achieves the same accuracy with 14 times fewer training steps, and beats the original model by a significant margin. Using an ensemble of batch-normalized networks, we improve upon the best published result on ImageNet classification: reaching 4.82% top-5 test error, exceeding the accuracy of human raters.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs
Varun Gulshan,Lily Peng,Marc Coram,Martin C. Stumpe,Derek Wu,Arunachalam Narayanaswamy,Subhashini Venugopalan,Kasumi Widner,Tom Madams,Jorge Cuadros,Ramasamy Kim,Rajiv Raman,Philip C. Nelson,Jessica L. Mega,Dale R. Webster +14 more
TL;DR: An algorithm based on deep machine learning had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting referable diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema in retinal fundus photographs from adults with diabetes.
Book ChapterDOI
3D U-Net: Learning Dense Volumetric Segmentation from Sparse Annotation
Özgün Çiçek,Ahmed Abdulkadir,Ahmed Abdulkadir,Soeren S. Lienkamp,Thomas Brox,Olaf Ronneberger,Olaf Ronneberger +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a network for volumetric segmentation that learns from sparsely annotated volumetrized images, which is trained end-to-end from scratch, i.e., no pre-trained network is required.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
ShuffleNet: An Extremely Efficient Convolutional Neural Network for Mobile Devices
TL;DR: ShuffleNet as discussed by the authors utilizes two new operations, pointwise group convolution and channel shuffle, to greatly reduce computation cost while maintaining accuracy, and achieves an actual speedup over AlexNet while maintaining comparable accuracy.
Posted Content
Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Network
Christian Ledig,Lucas Theis,Ferenc Huszar,Jose Caballero,Andrew Cunningham,Alejandro Acosta,Andrew Peter Aitken,Alykhan Tejani,Johannes Totz,Zehan Wang,Wenzhe Shi +10 more
TL;DR: SRGAN, a generative adversarial network (GAN) for image super-resolution (SR), is presented, to its knowledge, the first framework capable of inferring photo-realistic natural images for 4x upscaling factors and a perceptual loss function which consists of an adversarial loss and a content loss.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
ArcFace: Additive Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition
TL;DR: This paper presents arguably the most extensive experimental evaluation against all recent state-of-the-art face recognition methods on ten face recognition benchmarks, and shows that ArcFace consistently outperforms the state of the art and can be easily implemented with negligible computational overhead.
References
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Journal Article
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Journal ArticleDOI
ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge
Olga Russakovsky,Jia Deng,Hao Su,Jonathan Krause,Sanjeev Satheesh,Sean Ma,Zhiheng Huang,Andrej Karpathy,Aditya Khosla,Michael S. Bernstein,Alexander C. Berg,Li Fei-Fei +11 more
TL;DR: The ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) as mentioned in this paper is a benchmark in object category classification and detection on hundreds of object categories and millions of images, which has been run annually from 2010 to present, attracting participation from more than fifty institutions.
Proceedings Article
Rectified Linear Units Improve Restricted Boltzmann Machines
Vinod Nair,Geoffrey E. Hinton +1 more
TL;DR: Restricted Boltzmann machines were developed using binary stochastic hidden units that learn features that are better for object recognition on the NORB dataset and face verification on the Labeled Faces in the Wild dataset.