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Cadmium-induced testicular injury.

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TLDR
This review critically discusses recent data in the field that have demonstrated the Cd-induced toxicity to the testis is probably the result of interactions of a complex network of causes and sheds lights on potential therapeutic or preventive approaches that can be developed in future studies by blocking or minimizing the destructive effects of Cd to testicular function in men.
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This article is published in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.The article was published on 2009-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 378 citations till now.

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Journal ArticleDOI

The Blood-Testis Barrier and Its Implications for Male Contraception

TL;DR: Multiple potential targets are present at the BTB for innovative contraceptive development and for better delivery of drugs to alleviate toxicant-induced reproductive dysfunction in men, as well as critically evaluate findings in the field regarding studies on drug transporters in the testis.
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Environmental/lifestyle effects on spermatogenesis

TL;DR: This review assesses potential causes involving adverse effects on testis development in perinatal life (primarily effects on Sertoli cell number) or effects on the process of spermatogenesis in adulthood, which are probably mainly reversible.
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Role of metallothionein in cadmium traffic and toxicity in kidneys and other mammalian organs.

TL;DR: The role of MTs in Cd-induced acute and chronic toxicity, particularly in liver and kidneys, is reviewed, and proteinuria and CdMT in the urine can be used as biomarkers of tubular injury.
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Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction

TL;DR: It is discussed how findings can improve understanding of the modes of action of environmental toxicants in testicular dysfunction and specific inhibitors and/or antagonists against signaling molecules in these pathways may be able to 'reverse' and/ or 'block' the disruptive effects of toxicant-induced damage.
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Adverse Effects of Low Level Heavy Metal Exposure on Male Reproductive Function

TL;DR: The evidence for the effects of low exposure was strongest for cadmium, lead, and mercury and less certain for arsenic and the potential modifying effects of genetic polymorphisms has not been fully explored.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent findings in the metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in the carcinogenicity and toxicity of metals.
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Oxidative stress and male infertility—a clinical perspective

TL;DR: This review will provide an overview of oxidative biochemistry related to sperm health and identify which men are most at risk of oxidative infertility, and outline methods available for diagnosing oxidative stress and the various treatments available.
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Metallothionein: an intracellular protein to protect against cadmium toxicity.

TL;DR: During evolution, the ability of MT to protect against Cd toxicity might have taken a more pivotal role in the maintenance of life processes, as compared with its other proposed functions (i.e. storehouse for zinc and free radical scavenger).
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Carcinogenic metal compounds : recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms

TL;DR: In general, metal genotoxicity is caused by indirect mechanisms, but specific metal compounds exhibit unique mechanisms such as interruption of cell–cell adhesion by cadmium, direct DNA binding of trivalent chromium, and interaction of vanadate with phosphate binding sites of protein phosphatases.
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Cadmium : Toxic effects on the reproductive system and the embryo

TL;DR: The mechanisms by which Cd can affect reproductive health are examined, and the use of micronutrients in prevention of these problems is considered.
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