Q2. What are the three risks that enterprises face when they are contaminated with water?
When there 235 are water shortages or water is seriously polluted, enterprises may face physical 236 risk, which consists of water quantity risk and water quality risk.
Q3. What is the sensitive factor in the water footprint assessment?
481 For the gray water footprint assessment, the discharged water quality is the 482 most sensitive factor because gray water footprint is classified as the amount of 483 water required to dilute pollutants that have been discharged into the natural 484 water system such that the quality of ambient water remains above the 485M ANUS CRIP TAC CEPT ED24established water quality standards.
Q4. What is the importance of water footprint in the iron and steel industry?
Considering the fact that China is facing a critical water 435 crisis, the water footprint evaluation of its iron and steel industry is useful in 436 conserving scarce water resources.
Q5. What are the three major parts of water risk assessment?
In water risk 237 assessment, water footprint is a useful tool, and three major parts are involved: 238 water footprint calculation, water risk assessment and water risk management.
Q6. How much water is in the city where the case factory is located?
It’s reported that the 386 amount of blue water (surface water and groundwater) in the city where the iron 387 and steel enterprise used in this study is located is 61×108 m3 in 2011 (Zhejiang 388 Provincial Water Resources Bureau, 2011).
Q7. How did Zhang and Anadon study the water footprint of a steel mill?
They studied the life cycle water withdrawals, 204 consumptive water use, and wastewater discharge of China’s regional energy 205 sectors by using a mixed-unit multiregional input-output (MRIO) model.
Q8. What is the key to reducing the blue water footprint?
From the case study, it is clear that 403 reducing the virtual water footprint is key to reducing the blue water footprint, 404 particularly from electricity consumption.
Q9. What is the reason for the disparity of ratios of gray water footprint to blue water?
The 333 reason attributed to the disparity of ratios of gray water footprint to blue water 334 footprint is the high-concentration of specific industrial wastewater discharged 335 from the steelworks enterprise.
Q10. What was the total WC footprint for the selected iron and steel factory?
For the selected iron and steel factory the blue water (total WC) footprint was 490 2.44 × 107 m3 and the gray water footprint was 6.5 × 108 m3 in 2011.
Q11. What is the water footprint of the steelworks enterprise?
For 304 the selected steelworks enterprise, the total WC (blue water) footprint is 305 2.44× 107 m3 and total water pollution (gray water) footprint is 6.5 × 108 m3.
Q12. What is the water footprint for the iron and steel industry?
As 116 opposed to FWC per tonne of steel or WC per tonne of steel, the water footprints 117 are proposed as indicators of water impact for the iron and steel industry 118 because they comprehensively evaluate water risk factors and are much better 119 indicators for attaining a cleaner and sustainable production.
Q13. What is the water footprint of the iron and steel industry?
The water footprint associated with the various 134 steps in the production system can be entirely attributed to the product that 135 results from a system.
Q14. What is the importance of water quality data and discharge flows?
It is important for the enterprise to collect 486 accurate water quality data and discharge flows to better estimate the gray water 487 footprint.
Q15. How can the authors calculate the water footprint of a product?
In addition, LCA-based water footprints, which 107 consider WC and water pollution in the whole product life cycle, are difficult to 108 calculate because of limited data availability.
Q16. What is the definition of a tonne of steel?
WC per tonne of steel denotes all the water used in 39 the production of 1 tonne of iron and steel, including recycled and reclaimed 40 water.