Journal ArticleDOI
Capacity Trends and Limits of Optical Communication Networks
Rene-Jean Essiambre,R. W. Tkach +1 more
- Vol. 100, Iss: 5, pp 1035-1055
TLDR
In this article, the authors present a capacity limit estimate of standard and advanced single-mode optical fibers and present elementary capacity considerations for transmission over multiple transmission modes and how it compares to a singlemode transmission.Abstract:
Since the first deployments of fiber-optic communication systems three decades ago, the capacity carried by a single-mode optical fiber has increased by a staggering 10 000 times. Most of the growth occurred in the first two decades with growth slowing to ten times in the last decade. Over the same three decades, network traffic has increased by a much smaller factor of 100, but with most of the growth occurring in the last few years, when data started dominating network traffic. At the current growth rate, the next factor of 100 in network traffic growth will occur within a decade. The large difference in growth rates between the delivered fiber capacity and the traffic demand is expected to create a capacity shortage within a decade. The first part of the paper recounts the history of traffic and capacity growth and extrapolations for the future. The second part looks into the technological challenges of growing the capacity of single-mode fibers by presenting a capacity limit estimate of standard and advanced single-mode optical fibers. The third part presents elementary capacity considerations for transmission over multiple transmission modes and how it compares to a single-mode transmission. Finally, the last part of the paper discusses fibers supporting multiple spatial modes, including multimode and multicore fibers, and the role of digital processing techniques. Spatial multiplexing in fibers is expected to enable system capacity growth to match traffic growth in the next decades.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Space-division multiplexing in optical fibres
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the simultaneous transmission of several independent spatial channels of light along optical fibres to expand the data-carrying capacity of optical communications, and showed that the results achieved in both multicore and multimode optical fibers are documented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Terabit-Scale Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing in Fibers
Nenad Bozinovic,Yang Yue,Yongxiong Ren,Moshe Tur,Poul Kristensen,Hao Huang,Alan E. Willner,Siddharth Ramachandran +7 more
TL;DR: The viability of using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light to create orthogonal, spatially distinct streams of data-transmitting channels that are multiplexed in a single fiber is demonstrated and suggest that OAM could provide an additional degree of freedom for data multiplexing in future fiber networks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fifty Years of MIMO Detection: The Road to Large-Scale MIMOs
Shaoshi Yang,Lajos Hanzo +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a recital on the historic heritages and novel challenges facing massive/large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (LS-MIMO) systems from a detection perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ultra-high-density spatial division multiplexing with a few-mode multicore fibre
R.G.H. van Uden,R. Amezcua Correa,E. Antonio Lopez,Frans Huijskens,Cen Xia,Guifang Li,Guifang Li,Axel Schülzgen,H. de Waardt,A.M.J. Koonen,Chigo Okonkwo +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the viability of spatial multiplexing to reach a data rate of 5.1 Tbit/s−1/carrier−1 on a single wavelength over a single fiber, by employing few-mode multicore fiber, compact three-dimensional waveguide multiplexers and energy-efficient frequency-domain MIMO equalization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Massive individual orbital angular momentum channels for multiplexing enabled by Dammann gratings
Ting Lei,Meng Zhang,Yuru Li,Ping Jia,Gordon Ning Liu,Xiaogeng Xu,Zhaohui Li,Changjun Min,Jiao Lin,Changyuan Yu,Hanben Niu,Xiaocong Yuan +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the Dammann optical vortex gratings (DOVGs) are used to realize multiplexing based on the generation, transmission and detection of optical angular momentum (OAM).
References
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Capacity of Multi‐antenna Gaussian Channels
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