Carbon monoxide distributions from the upper troposphere to the mesosphere inferred from 4.7 μm non-local thermal equilibrium emissions measured by MIPAS on Envisat
Bernd Funke,Manuel López-Puertas,Maya García-Comas,G. P. Stiller,T. von Clarmann,Michael Höpfner,Norbert Glatthor,Udo Grabowski,Sylvia Kellmann,Andrea Linden +9 more
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In this article, the authors presented global distributions of carbon monoxide (CO) from the upper troposphere to the mesosphere observed by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat.Abstract:
. We present global distributions of carbon monoxide (CO) from the upper troposphere to the mesosphere observed by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat. Vertically resolved volume mixing ratio profiles have been retrieved from 4.7 μm limb emission spectra under consideration of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium. The precision of individual CO profiles is typically 5–30 ppbv (15–40% for altitudes greater than 40 km and lower than 15 km and 30–90% within 15–40 km). Estimated systematic errors are in the order of 8–15%. Below 60 km, the vertical resolution is 4–7 km. The data set which covers 54 days from September 2003 to March 2004 has been derived with an improved retrieval version including (i) the retrieval of log(vmr), (ii) the consideration of illumination-dependent vibrational population gradients along the instrument's line of sight, and (iii) joint-fitted vmr horizontal gradients in latitudinal and longitudinal directions. A detailed analysis of spatially resolved CO distributions during the 2003/2004 Northern Hemisphere major warming event demonstrate the potential of MIPAS CO observations to obtain new information on transport processes during dynamical active episodes, particularly on those acting in the vertical. From the temporal evolution of zonally averaged CO abundances, we derived extraordinary polar winter descent velocities of 1200 m per day inside the recovered polar vortex in January 2004. Middle stratospheric CO abundances show a well established correlation with the chemical source CH4, particularly in the tropics. In the upper troposphere, a moderate CO decrease from September 2003 to March 2004 was observed. Upper tropospheric CO observations provide a detailed picture of long-range transport of polluted air masses and uplift events. MIPAS observations taken on 9–11 September 2003 confirm the trapping of convective outflow of polluted CO-rich air from Southeast Asia into the Asian monsoon anticyclone, which has been described in previous studies. Upper tropospheric CO plumes, observed by MIPAS on this day, were predominantly located in the Northern Hemisphere. Most of these plumes could be related to Southeast Asian pollution by means of backward trajectory calculations. During 20–22 October, southern hemispheric biomass burning was the most likely source of the major CO plumes observed over the Southern Atlantic and Indian Ocean.read more
Citations
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Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study
Bernd Funke,A. J. G. Baumgaertner,M. Calisto,Tatiana Egorova,Charles H. Jackman,Jens Kieser,A. Krivolutsky,Manuel López-Puertas,Daniel R. Marsh,Thomas Reddmann,Eugene Rozanov,S.-M. Salmi,S.-M. Salmi,Miriam Sinnhuber,Miriam Sinnhuber,Gabriele Stiller,Pekka T. Verronen,Stefan Versick,T. von Clarmann,T. Y. Vyushkova,Nadine Wieters,J. M. Wissing +21 more
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WACCM simulations of the mean circulation and trace species transport in the winter mesosphere
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Temporal variations of atomic oxygen in the upper mesosphere from SABER
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Journal ArticleDOI
On the distribution of CO2 and CO in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Rolando R. Garcia,Manuel López-Puertas,Bernd Funke,Daniel R. Marsh,Douglas E. Kinnison,Anne K. Smith,Francisco Gonzalez-Galindo +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) to calculate the distribution of CO2 and CO in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), and compared the results with observations, mainly from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer and Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding satellite-borne instruments.
Journal ArticleDOI
The South Asian monsoon-pollution pump and purifier.
Jos Lelieveld,Jos Lelieveld,Efstratios Bourtsoukidis,Christoph Brühl,Horst Fischer,Hendrik Fuchs,Hartwig Harder,Andreas Hofzumahaus,Frank Holland,Daniel Marno,Marco Neumaier,Andrea Pozzer,Hans Schlager,Jonathan Williams,Jonathan Williams,Andreas Zahn,Helmut Ziereis +16 more
TL;DR: Measurements by aircraft in the Oxidation Mechanism Observations campaign show that the monsoon sustains a remarkably efficient cleansing mechanism by which contaminants are rapidly oxidized and deposited to Earth’s surface.
References
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Book
Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding: Theory and Practice
TL;DR: This book treats the inverse problem of remote sounding comprehensively, and discusses a wide range of retrieval methods for extracting atmospheric parameters of interest from the quantities such as thermal emission that can be measured remotely.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the current knowledge on the calculation and application of trajectories and their different techniques that can be used to compute trajectories, and their error sources are described.
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Simulation of secular trends in the middle atmosphere, 1950–2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to produce a small ensemble of simulations of the period 1950-2003, comparing the model results with available observations, showing that for the most part, the model is able to reproduce well the observed trends in zonal mean temperature and ozone, both as regards their magnitude and their distribution in latitude and altitude.
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