Journal ArticleDOI
Cell cycle control during early embryogenesis.
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TLDR
The Drosophila embryo has served as an excellent model for addressing the molecular and physical mechanisms of embryonic cell cycles, with comparisons to other model systems to highlight conserved and species-specific mechanisms.Abstract:
Understanding the mechanisms of embryonic cell cycles is a central goal of developmental biology, as the regulation of the cell cycle must be closely coordinated with other events during early embryogenesis. Quantitative imaging approaches have recently begun to reveal how the cell cycle oscillator is controlled in space and time, and how it is integrated with mechanical signals to drive morphogenesis. Here, we discuss how the Drosophila embryo has served as an excellent model for addressing the molecular and physical mechanisms of embryonic cell cycles, with comparisons to other model systems to highlight conserved and species-specific mechanisms. We describe how the rapid cleavage divisions characteristic of most metazoan embryos require chemical waves and cytoplasmic flows to coordinate morphogenesis across the large expanse of the embryo. We also outline how, in the late cleavage divisions, the cell cycle is inter-regulated with the activation of gene expression to ensure a reliable maternal-to-zygotic transition. Finally, we discuss how precise transcriptional regulation of the timing of mitosis ensures that tissue morphogenesis and cell proliferation are tightly controlled during gastrulation.read more
Citations
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The Nuclear-to-Cytoplasmic Ratio: Coupling DNA Content to Cell Size, Cell Cycle, and Biosynthetic Capacity.
TL;DR: This work explores how cells couple cell division and growth to DNA content and suggests a causative, not simply correlative, role for the N/C ratio in regulating cell growth and cell cycle progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative models for building and growing fated small cell networks
TL;DR: This work presents mathematical models rooted in the dynamics of cell cycle proteins and their interactions to explain the generation of germline cell lineage trees (CLTs) and highlights the diversity of observed CLT sizes and topologies across species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Manipulating the nature of embryonic mitotic waves
TL;DR: In this paper , a combination of theory and experiments elucidates the nature of mitotic waves in Drosophila embryogenesis, their control mechanisms, and their mutual transitions, and they demonstrate that sweep waves can be turned into trigger waves if the cell cycle is slowed down genetically or if significant delays in the cell-cycle progression are introduced across the embryo by altering nuclear density.
Posted ContentDOI
The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio drives cellularization in the close animal relative Sphaeroforma arctica
Marine Olivetta,Omaya Dudin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used time-lapse microscopy to characterize how the N/C ratio affects the life cycle of the best-studied ichthyosporean model, Sphaeroforma arctica.
Journal ArticleDOI
The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio drives cellularization in the close animal relative Sphaeroforma arctica
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used time-lapse microscopy to characterize how the N/C ratio affects the life cycle of the best-studied ichthyosporean model, Sphaeroforma arctica.
References
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The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the cell lineage itself, complex as it is, plays an important role in determining cell fate and is demonstrated to demonstrate substantial cell autonomy in at least some sections of embryogenesis.
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Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway
TL;DR: Cyclin degradation is the key step governing exit from mitosis and progress into the next cell cycle, and anaphase may be triggered by the recognition of cyclin by the ubiquitin-conjugating system.
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Cyclin-dependent kinases: engines, clocks, and microprocessors.
TL;DR: This work has shown that Cdk activity is governed by a complex network of regulatory subunits and phosphorylation events whose precise effects on Cdk conformation have been revealed by recent crystallographic studies.
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Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Preventing an Identity Crisis
TL;DR: Signal transduction pathways that transmit checkpoint signals in response to DNA damage, replication blocks, and spindle damage are revealed, underscoring the conservation of cell cycle regulatory machinery.
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A major developmental transition in early xenopus embryos: I. characterization and timing of cellular changes at the midblastula stage
TL;DR: The Xenopus embryo undergoes 12 rapid synchronous cleavages followed by a period of slower asynchronous divisions more typical of somatic cells, termed the midblastula transition (MBT), which shows that at the MBT the blastomeres become motile and transcriptionally active for the first time.