Challenges to Understanding the Dynamic Response of Greenland's Marine Terminating Glaciers to Oceanic and Atmospheric Forcing
Fiammetta Straneo,Patrick Heimbach,Olga V. Sergienko,Gordon S. Hamilton,Ginny A. Catania,Stephen M. Griffies,Robert Hallberg,Adrian Jenkins,Ian Joughin,Roman J. Motyka,W. Tad Pfeffer,Stephen Price,Eric Rignot,Eric Rignot,Ted Scambos,Martin Truffer,Andreas Vieli +16 more
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A working group on Greenland Ice Sheet-Ocean Interactions (GRISO), composed of representatives from the multiple disciplines involved, was established in January 2011 to develop strategies to address dynamic response of Greenland's glaciers to climate forcing as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
A working group on Greenland Ice Sheet-Ocean Interactions (GRISO), composed of representatives from the multiple disciplines involved, was established in January 2011 to develop strategies to address dynamic response of Greenland's glaciers to climate forcing. Critical aspects of Greenland's coupled ice sheet-ocean system are identified, and a research agenda is outlined that will yield fundamental insights into how the ice sheet and ocean interact, their role in Earth's climate system, their regional and global effects, and probable trajectories of future changes. Key elements of the research agenda are focused process studies, sustained observational efforts at key sites, and inclusion of the relevant dynamics in Earth system models. Interdisciplinary and multiagency efforts, as well as international cooperation, are crucial to making progress on this novel and complex problem. This will prove as a significant step toward fulfilling the goal of credibly projecting sea level rise over the coming decades and century.read more
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An improved mass budget for the Greenland ice sheet
Ellyn M. Enderlin,Ellyn M. Enderlin,Ian M. Howat,Seongsu Jeong,Myoung-Jong Noh,Jan H. van Angelen,Michiel R. van den Broeke +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a reassessment of the temporal and spatial distribution of glacier change is presented, which supports recent model projections that surface mass balance, rather than ice dynamics, will dominate the ice sheet contribution to 21st century sea level rise.
Journal ArticleDOI
North Atlantic warming and the retreat of Greenland's outlet glaciers
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that an anomalous inflow of subtropical waters driven by atmospheric changes, multidecadal natural ocean variability and a long-term increase in the North Atlantic's upper ocean heat content since the 1950s all contributed to a warming of the subpolar North Atlantic.
Recent Large Increases in Freshwater Fluxes from Greenland Into the North Atlantic
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a reconstruction of the spatially distributed freshwater flux from Greenland for 1958-2010, and find a modest increase into the Arctic Ocean during this period.
Journal ArticleDOI
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans
Edward C. Carmack,Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai,Thomas W. N. Haine,Sheldon Bacon,Bodil A. Bluhm,Camille Lique,Camille Lique,Humfrey Melling,Igor V. Polyakov,Fiamma Straneo,Mary-Louise Timmermans,William J. Williams +11 more
TL;DR: The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation as discussed by the authors, and its key functions and processes include the delivery of fresh and low-salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle, and Pacific Ocean inflows.
References
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TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
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Sea-Level Rise from the Late 19th to the Early 21st Century
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate the rise in global average sea level from satellite altimeter data for 1993-2009 and from coastal and island sea-level measurements from 1880 to 2009.
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Changes in the Velocity Structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet
TL;DR: Using satellite radar interferometry observations of Greenland, widespread glacier acceleration below 66° north between 1996 and 2000, which rapidly expanded to 70° north in 2005, and as more glaciers accelerate farther north, the contribution of Greenland to sea-level rise will continue to increase.
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A reconciled estimate of ice-sheet mass balance
Andrew Shepherd,Erik R. Ivins,Geruo A,Valentina R. Barletta,Michael J. Bentley,Srinivas Bettadpur,Kate Briggs,David H. Bromwich,René Forsberg,Natalia Galin,Martin Horwath,S. S. Jacobs,Ian Joughin,Matt A. King,Matt A. King,Jan T. M. Lenaerts,Jilu Li,Stefan R. M. Ligtenberg,Adrian Luckman,Scott B. Luthcke,Malcolm McMillan,Rakia Meister,Glenn A. Milne,Jeremie Mouginot,Alan Muir,Julien P. Nicolas,John Paden,Antony J. Payne,Hamish D. Pritchard,Eric Rignot,Eric Rignot,Helmut Rott,Louise Sandberg Sørensen,Ted Scambos,Bernd Scheuchl,Ernst Schrama,Ben Smith,Aud Venke Sundal,Jan H. van Angelen,Willem Jan van de Berg,Michiel R. van den Broeke,David G. Vaughan,Isabella Velicogna,Isabella Velicogna,John Wahr,Pippa L. Whitehouse,Duncan J. Wingham,Donghui Yi,Duncan A. Young,H. Jay Zwally +49 more
TL;DR: There is good agreement between different satellite methods—especially in Greenland and West Antarctica—and that combining satellite data sets leads to greater certainty, and the mass balance of Earth’s polar ice sheets is estimated by combining the results of existing independent techniques.