Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in spinal excitability after PAS.
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that PAS induces parallel changes in cortical and spinal excitability, and here, instead of F waves, H reflex recruitment curves are used to assess spinalexcitability.Abstract:
Repetitive pairing of a peripheral stimulation with a magnetic transcortical stimulation (PAS) is widely used to induce plastic changes in the human motor cortex noninvasively. Based on the contrast between PAS-induced increase of corticospinal excitability and absence of PAS-induced increase of the spinal F wave size, it has been generally accepted that PAS-induced plasticity is cortical in origin. Here, instead of F waves, we used H reflex recruitment curves to assess spinal excitability, and we demonstrate that PAS induces parallel changes in cortical and spinal excitability.read more
Citations
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Consensus: Motor cortex plasticity protocols
Ulf Ziemann,Walter Paulus,Michael A. Nitsche,Alvaro Pascual-Leone,Winston D. Byblow,Alfredo Berardelli,Hartwig R. Siebner,Joseph Classen,Leonardo G. Cohen,John C. Rothwell +9 more
TL;DR: The aim of this article is to review critically the properties of the different currently used stimulation protocols, including a focus on their particular strengths and weaknesses, to facilitate their appropriate and conscientious application.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiology of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain.
TL;DR: This review presents seven lines of evidence that strongly suggest a link between the aftereffects induced by rTMS and the induction of synaptic plasticity, and provides suggestions for future, innovating research, aiming to investigate both the local effects of rT MS on the synapse and the effects of RTMS on other, more global levels of brain organization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interindividual variability and age-dependency of motor cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation.
TL;DR: Paired associative stimulation (PAS) can increase motor cortical excitability, possibly by long-term potentiation (LTP)-like mechanisms but age and RMT, MEP1 mV and age determine direction and magnitude of PAS effects in individual subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cortisol inhibits neuroplasticity induction in human motor cortex.
TL;DR: It is concluded that neuroplasticity in human M1 and GABAB-dependent intracortical inhibitory systems are influenced by time of day and modified by circulating levels of cortisol.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motor cortex plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation is enhanced in physically active individuals
TL;DR: It is concluded that participation in regular physical activity may offer global benefits to motor cortex function that enhances neuroplasticity, which could improve motor learning and neurorehabilitation in physically active individuals.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the induced plasticity may represent a signature of associative long-term potentiation of cortical synapses or closely related neuronal mechanisms in the human cortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Excitability and inhibitibility of motoneurons of different sizes
TL;DR: It was concluded tentatively that the size or surface area of a motoneuron determines its excitability and hence its responsiveness to stretch-evoked impulses and if this conclusion is correct, it may infer that size is a prime determinant of excitability throughout the nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
A temporally asymmetric Hebbian rule governing plasticity in the human motor cortex.
Alexander Wolters,Friedhelm Sandbrink,Antje Schlottmann,Erwin Kunesch,Katja Stefan,Leonardo G. Cohen,Reiner Benecke,Joseph Classen,Joseph Classen +8 more
TL;DR: This study suggests that strict temporal Hebbian rules govern the induction of long-term potentiation/long-term depression-like phenomena in vivo in the human primary motor cortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Monosynaptic and oligosynaptic contributions to human ankle jerk and H-reflex
TL;DR: It is argued that if the rising phase of the increase in excitability of the soleus motoneuron pool produced by tendon percussion or by electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve lasts more than a few milliseconds, these reflexes are unlikely to be exclusively monosynaptic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abnormal associative plasticity of the human motor cortex in writer's cramp.
Angelo Quartarone,Sergio Bagnato,Vincenzo Rizzo,Hartwig R. Siebner,Vincenzo Dattola,Antonio Scalfari,Francesca Morgante,Fortunato Battaglia,Marcello Romano,Paolo Girlanda +9 more
TL;DR: In patients with writer's cramp, the motor system exhibited an abnormal increase in corticospinal excitability and an attenuated reinforcement of intracortical inhibitory circuits that generate the CSP in response to associative stimulation.