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Clinical Prediction Models
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TLDR
This paper presents a case study on survival analysis: Prediction of secondary cardiovascular events and lessons from case studies on overfitting and optimism in prediction models.Abstract:
Introduction.- Applications of prediction models.- Study design for prediction models.- Statistical models for prediction.- Overfitting and optimism in prediction models.- Choosing between alternative statistical models.- Dealing with missing values.- Case study on dealing with missing values.- Coding of categorical and continuous predictors.- Restrictions on candidate predictors.- Selection of main effects.- Assumptions in regression models: Additivity and linearity.- Modern estimation methods.- Estimation with external methods.- Evaluation of performance.- Clinical usefulness.- Validation of prediction models.- Presentation formats.- Patterns of external validity.- Updating for a new setting.- Updating for a multiple settings.- Prediction of a binary outcome: 30-day mortality after acute myocardial infarction.- Case study on survival analysis: Prediction of secondary cardiovascular events.- Lessons from case studies.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Risk scores for outcome in bacterial meningitis: Systematic review and external validation study
Merijn W Bijlsma,Matthijs C. Brouwer,Patrick M.M. Bossuyt,Martijn W. Heymans,Arie van der Ende,Michael W.T. Tanck,Diederik van de Beek +6 more
TL;DR: One score could be recommended for the interpretation and design of bacterial meningitis studies, but none of the existing scores performed well enough to recommend routine use in individual patient management.
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Development and internal validation of a prediction model for hospital-acquired acute kidney injury.
TL;DR: MKIPS is a new risk score to predict the risk of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury, based on variables present at admission in the electronic clinical records, which may help to identify patients who require specific monitoring because of a high risk of AKI.
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Evaluation of a minimal sedation protocol using ICU sedative consumption as a monitoring tool: a quality improvement multicenter project
Otavio T. Ranzani,Evelyn Senna Simpson,Talita Barbosa Augusto,Sylas B. Cappi,Danilo Teixeira Noritomi +4 more
TL;DR: By using a light sedation policy in a group of nonteaching hospitals, in Brazil, the benefits that have previously been demonstrated in controlled settings are reproduced and systematic monitoring of sedative consumption should be a feasible instrument for supporting the implementation of a protocol on a large scale.
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Genetic variation underlying common hereditary hyperbilirubinaemia (Gilbert’s syndrome) and respiratory health in the 1946 British birth cohort
TL;DR: Genetically raised unconjugated serum bilirubin is associated with higher adult respiratory function and protection from respiratory disease.
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Prediction models for prostate cancer to be used in the primary care setting: a systematic review.
TL;DR: Only a few PCa risk prediction models have the potential to be readily used in the primary healthcare or community health setting, and all models showed significant improvement in predicting PCa compared with being based on PSA alone.