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Clinical Prediction Models
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TLDR
This paper presents a case study on survival analysis: Prediction of secondary cardiovascular events and lessons from case studies on overfitting and optimism in prediction models.Abstract:
Introduction.- Applications of prediction models.- Study design for prediction models.- Statistical models for prediction.- Overfitting and optimism in prediction models.- Choosing between alternative statistical models.- Dealing with missing values.- Case study on dealing with missing values.- Coding of categorical and continuous predictors.- Restrictions on candidate predictors.- Selection of main effects.- Assumptions in regression models: Additivity and linearity.- Modern estimation methods.- Estimation with external methods.- Evaluation of performance.- Clinical usefulness.- Validation of prediction models.- Presentation formats.- Patterns of external validity.- Updating for a new setting.- Updating for a multiple settings.- Prediction of a binary outcome: 30-day mortality after acute myocardial infarction.- Case study on survival analysis: Prediction of secondary cardiovascular events.- Lessons from case studies.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Model for risk adjustment of postoperative mortality in patients with colorectal cancer
TL;DR: A model was developed for risk adjustment of postoperative mortality in patients with colorectal cancer in order to make fair comparisons between healthcare providers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Personalising lung cancer screening: An overview of risk-stratification opportunities and challenges.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the opportunities and challenges in applying risk-stratification in different aspects of lung cancer screening programs, as well as the balance between screening program efficiency and impact.
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A risk prediction index for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in adults with congenital heart disease.
Marius N. Stan,Erik P. Hess,Rebecca S. Bahn,Carole A. Warnes,Naser M. Ammash,Michael D. Brennan,Prabin Thapa,Victor M. Montori +7 more
TL;DR: The risk index developed is the first model to quantify the risk for developing AIT among adults with CHD, and before using it clinically to help selecting among alternative antiarrhythmic options, it needs validation in an independent population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical diagnostic model for sciatica developed in primary care patients with low back-related leg pain.
TL;DR: Four clinical assessment items were common in both reference standard definitions of sciatica, and these criteria could be used clinically and in research to improve accuracy of identification of this subgroup of back pain patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Added Value of Serum Hormone Measurements in Risk Prediction Models for Breast Cancer for Women Not Using Exogenous Hormones: Results from the EPIC Cohort.
Anika Hüsing,René T. Fortner,Tilman Kühn,Kim Overvad,Anne Tjønneland,Anja Olsen,Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault,Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault,Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault,Gianluca Severi,Agnès Fournier,Agnès Fournier,Agnès Fournier,Heiner Boeing,Antonia Trichopoulou,Vassiliki Benetou,Philippos Orfanos,Giovanna Masala,Valeria Pala,Rosario Tumino,Francesca Fasanelli,Salvatore Panico,H. Bas Bueno de Mesquita,Petra H.M. Peeters,Petra H.M. Peeters,Carla H. Van Gills,J. Ramón Quirós,Antonio Agudo,María José Sánchez,Maria Dolores Chirlaque,Aurelio Barricarte,Pilar Amiano,Kay-Tee Khaw,Ruth C. Travis,Laure Dossus,Kuanrong Li,Pietro Ferrari,Melissa A. Merritt,Ioanna Tzoulaki,Elio Riboli,Rudolf Kaaks +40 more
TL;DR: Integration of hormone measurements in clinical risk prediction models may represent a strategy to improve breast cancer risk stratification.