Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive Foundations of Learning from Testimony
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
As they age, children's reasoning about testimony increasingly reflects an ability not just to detect imperfect or inaccurate claims but also to assess what inferences may or may not be drawn about informants given their particular situation.Abstract:
Humans acquire much of their knowledge from the testimony of other people. An understanding of the way that information can be conveyed via gesture and vocalization is present in infancy. Thus, infants seek information from well-informed interlocutors, supply information to the ignorant, and make sense of communicative acts that they observe from a third-party perspective. This basic understanding is refined in the course of development. As they age, children's reasoning about testimony increasingly reflects an ability not just to detect imperfect or inaccurate claims but also to assess what inferences may or may not be drawn about informants given their particular situation. Children also attend to the broader characteristics of particular informants-their group membership, personality characteristics, and agreement or disagreement with other potential informants. When presented with unexpected or counterintuitive testimony, children are prone to set aside their own prior convictions, but they may sometimes defer to informants for inherently social reasons.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Question-asking in childhood: A review of the literature and a framework for understanding its development
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a framework for organizing past and future research on question-asking and to use this framework to describe what development and variability in children's question asking looks like between infancy and the elementary school years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploration, Explanation, and Parent-Child Interaction in Museums.
Maureen A. Callanan,Cristine H. Legare,David M. Sobel,Garrett Jaeger,Susan M. Letourneau,Sam R. McHugh,Aiyana K. Willard,Aurora Brinkman,Zoe Finiasz,Erika Rubio,Adrienne Barnett,Robin Gose,Jennifer L. Martin,Robin Meisner,Janella Watson +14 more
TL;DR: It is found that the timing of parents' causal language was crucial to whether children engaged in systematic exploration, andParents' causal explanation are best studied in relation to one another, because both contributed to children's learning while playing at a museum exhibit.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of epistemic and social characteristics in children's selective trust: Three meta‐analyses
TL;DR: Three meta-analyses suggest that epistemic and social characteristics are both valuable to children when they evaluate the reliability of informants, and with age, children place greater value on epistemic characteristics when deciding whether to endorse an informant's testimony.
Journal ArticleDOI
Individual Representation in a Community of Knowledge
TL;DR: Evidence that individuals retain detailed causal information for a few domains and coarse causal models embedding markers indicating that these details are available elsewhere for most domains are marshalled.
Journal ArticleDOI
Knowledge before belief
Jonathan Phillips,Wesley Buckwalter,Fiery Cushman,Ori Friedman,Alia Martin,John Turri,Laurie R. Santos,Joshua Knobe +7 more
TL;DR: A new way of understanding theory of mind is suggested – one that is focused on understanding others' minds in relation to the actual world, rather than independent from it.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Trust and Antitrust
TL;DR: Bok's claim that not all the things that thrive when there is trust between people, and which matter, are things that should be encouraged to thrive as mentioned in this paper is also true.
Journal ArticleDOI
How mental systems believe.
TL;DR: This paper examined Spinoza's alternative suggestion that acceptance of an idea is part of the automatic comprehension of that idea and the rejection of the idea occurs subsequent to, and more effortfully than, its acceptance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origins of knowledge.
TL;DR: These experiments suggest that cognition develops concurrently with perception and action and that development leads to the enrichment of conceptions around an unchanging core.
Journal ArticleDOI
Categories and induction in young children
Susan A. Gelman,Ellen M. Markman +1 more
TL;DR: The present work addresses how expectations about natural kinds originate by examining how young children, with their usual reliance on perceptual appearances and only rudimentary scientific knowledge, might not induce new information within natural kind categories.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Longitudinal Investigation of the Role of Quantity and Quality of Child-Directed Speech in Vocabulary Development
TL;DR: Results show that controlling for socioeconomic status, input quantity, and children's previous vocabulary skill; using a diverse and sophisticated vocabulary with toddlers; and using decontextualized language with preschoolers explains additional variation in later vocabulary ability.