Journal ArticleDOI
Commercialisation of biofuel industry in Africa: A review
TLDR
In this paper, a knowledge-based review for expansion (commercialisation) of biomass-derived fuel (biofuel) through improved understanding of its economics in Africa is provided, and recommendations to overcome the technological and non-technological hurdles to market penetration of biofuels are discussed.Abstract:
Diversification of energy sources, agricultural activities and a higher percentage of locally produced energy are goals that can be satisfied by biofuels Biofuels such as biogas, biodiesel, and bioethanol may be easier to commercialise than other alternative fuels, considering performance, infrastructure and other factors Lack of a good understanding and application of key concepts of cost estimation—a key to successful project which impacts both the project profitability and influences the technical solutions—is a foremost barrier to its commercialisation in Africa, despite the availability of biomass resources A plethora of other generic technological and non-technological constrictions has been identified to also hinder biofuels adoption and development Understanding the economics of biofuel industry is, therefore, crucial in realising eventual commercialisation This article provides knowledge-based review for expansion (commercialisation) of biomass-derived fuel (biofuel) through improved understanding of its economics in Africa In addition, recommendations to overcome the technological and non-technological hurdles to market penetration of biofuels are discussedread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
TL;DR: A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales as mentioned in this paper, which contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sustainable bio-ethanol production from agro-residues: A review
A. K. Gupta,Jay Prakash Verma +1 more
TL;DR: Current technologies for sustainable bioethanol production from agro-residues are discussed, which involves four processes of pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biofuels: a technological perspective
Rafael Luque,Rafael Luque,Lorenzo Herrero-Davila,Juan M. Campelo,James H. Clark,José M. Hidalgo,Diego Luna,José M. Marinas,Antonio A. Romero +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a brief overview of the complex biofuel issue, providing the latest update of the production and potential of biofuels in the transport sector including types of biofuel, feedstocks and technologies and some of the possible socioeconomic, environmental and political implications of the widespread use of bio fuels in our society.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pollution to solution: Capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and its utilization as a renewable energy source for a sustainable future
Farahiyah Abdul Rahman,Maniruzzaman A. Aziz,Rahman Saidur,Rahman Saidur,Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar,Mohd Rosli Hainin,Ramadhansyah Putrajaya,Norhidayah Abdul Hassan +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a sustainable method combining CCS and biofuel production using CO2 as a feedstock is proposed. But, the method is not suitable for large-scale CCS systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Household Biogas Digesters—A Review
TL;DR: A summary of different aspects of the design and operation of small-scale, household, biogas digesters can be found in this article, where different digester designs and materials used for construction, important operating parameters such as pH, temperature, substrate, and loading rate, applications of the biogAS, the government policies concerning the use of household digesters, and the social and environmental effects of the digesters.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiesel production : a review
Fangrui Ma,Milford A. Hanna +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the transesterification reaction is aected by molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water content of oils or fats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
TL;DR: A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales as mentioned in this paper, which contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 1. Process design and technological assessment
TL;DR: The acid-catalyzed process using waste cooking oil proved to be technically feasible with less complexity than the alkali-catalystzed process, thereby making it a competitive alternative to commercial biodiesel production by the alkaline-catalyszed process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 2. Economic assessment and sensitivity analysis.
TL;DR: Plant capacity and prices of feedstock oils and biodiesel were found to be the most significant factors affecting the economic viability of biodiesel manufacture.
Journal ArticleDOI
A process model to estimate biodiesel production costs.
TL;DR: A computer model to estimate the capital and operating costs of a moderately-sized industrial biodiesel production facility was developed and found the production cost of biodiesel was found to vary inversely and linearly with variations in the market value of glycerol, increasing by US dollar 0.0022/l (dollar 0.065/gal) for every US dollar0.01/lb change in oil cost.