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Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets
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TLDR
The Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets (CCP) as discussed by the authors is a collection of more than sixty leading experts in the field that sets forth the foundations for this emerging new science and brings the reader to the forefront of our current understanding of atmospheric formation and climate evolution.Abstract:
The early development of life, a fundamental question for humankind, requires the presence of a suitable planetary climate. Our understanding of how habitable planets come to be begins with the worlds closest to home. Venus, Earth, and Mars differ only modestly in their mass and distance from the Sun, yet their current climates could scarcely be more divergent. Only Earth has abundant liquid water, Venus has a runaway greenhouse, and evidence for life-supporting conditions on Mars points to a bygone era. In addition, an Earth-like hydrologic cycle has been revealed in a surprising place: Saturn's cloud-covered satellite Titan has liquid hydrocarbon rain, lakes, and river networks. Deducing the initial conditions for these diverse worlds and unravelling how and why they diverged to their current climates is a challenge at the forefront of planetary science. Through the contributions of more than sixty leading experts in the field, Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets sets forth the foundations for this emerging new science and brings the reader to the forefront of our current understanding of atmospheric formation and climate evolution. Particular emphasis is given to surface-atmosphere interactions, evolving stellar flux, mantle processes, photochemistry, and interactions with the interplanetary environment, all of which influence the climatology of terrestrial planets. From this cornerstone, both current professionals and most especially new students are brought to the threshold, enabling the next generation of new advances in our own solar system and beyond.read more
Citations
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Water on Mars
TL;DR: In this paper, the amount of water outgassed from Mars by impact erosion and hydrodynamic escape is estimated to be between 6 to 160 m. The two sets of estimates may be reconciled if early in its history, Mars lost part of its atmosphere.
Why is climate sensitivity so unpredictable
Gerard H. Roe,Marcia B. Baker +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the breadth of the distribution and, in particular, the probability of large temperature increases are relatively insensitive to decreases in uncertainties associated with the underlying climate processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent progress in high-contrast imaging with particular emphasis on observational results, discoveries near and below the deuterium-burning limit, and a practical overview of large-scale surveys and dedicated instruments is presented.
Forming a Moon with an Earth-like composition via a Giant Impact
TL;DR: Computer simulations show that a giant impact on early Earth could lead to a Moon with a composition similar to Earth’s, and simulate impacts involving larger impactors than previously considered that can produce a disk with the same composition as the planet's mantle, consistent with Earth-Moon compositional similarities.
Journal Article
Evolution of a Habitable Planet
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that Earth's climate has remained conducive to life for the past 3.5 billion years or more, despite a large increase in solar luminosity, probably because of previous higher concentrations of CO 2 and/or CH4.
References
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Book
Boundary layer theory
TL;DR: The flow laws of the actual flows at high Reynolds numbers differ considerably from those of the laminar flows treated in the preceding part, denoted as turbulence as discussed by the authors, and the actual flow is very different from that of the Poiseuille flow.
Book
Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles
TL;DR: In this paper, a Potpourri of Particles is used to describe surface modes in small Particles and the Angular Dependence of Scattering is shown to be a function of the size of the particles.
Book Chapter
Summary for Policymakers
Thomas B. Johansson,Nebojsa Nakicenovic,Anand Patwardhan,Luis Gomez-Echeverri,Wim Turkenburg +4 more
TL;DR: The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) as mentioned in this paper identifies strategies that could help resolve the multiple challenges simultaneously and bring multiple benefits, including sustainable economic and social development, poverty eradication, adequate food production and food security, health for all, climate protection, conservation of ecosystems, and security.
Journal ArticleDOI
General circulation experiments with the primitive equations
TL;DR: In this article, an extended period numerical integration of a baroclinic primitive equation model has been made for the simulation and the study of the dynamics of the atmosphere's general circulation, and the solution corresponding to external gravitational propagation is filtered by requiring the vertically integrated divergence to vanish identically.
The continental crust: Its composition and evolution
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the composition of the present upper crust and deal with possible compositions for the total crust and the inferred composition of lower crust, and the question of the uniformity of crustal composition throughout geological time is discussed.
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