Journal ArticleDOI
Coupling Chemical Modification and Immobilization to Improve the Catalytic Performance of Enzymes
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TLDR
This review presents some of the strategies that may give a synergism in the final results of chemical modification of enzymes, and discusses the use of different targets for chemical modifications with small molecules or multifunctional polymers.Abstract:
Chemical modification and immobilization of enzymes have been usually considered unrelated tools to improve biocatalyst features. However, there are many examples where a chemically modified enzyme is finally used in an immobilized form, and that exemplifies how both tools may be complementary resulting in a synergism in the final results. In this review we present some of the strategies that may give that result. For example, the chemical modification of soluble enzymes may be used to improve their immobilization (reinforcing adsorption or improving multipoint covalent attachment), or just to improve enzyme stability and facilitate the selection of the immobilization conditions. Chemical modification of previously immobilized enzymes benefits from solid-phase chemistry due to the nature of enzymes (e.g., prevention of inactivation, aggregation, etc.). The use of different targets for chemical modifications with small molecules or multifunctional polymers are also discussed: intramolecular or intersubunit cross-linking, one-point modification, generation of artificial microenvironments, etc.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Modifying enzyme activity and selectivity by immobilization.
Rafael C. Rodrigues,Claudia Ortiz,Ángel Berenguer-Murcia,Rodrigo Torres,Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente +4 more
TL;DR: In this tutorial review, some of the main reasons that may produce an improvement in enzyme activity, specificity or selectivity, either real or apparent, due to immobilization are listed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glutaraldehyde in bio-catalysts design: a useful crosslinker and a versatile tool in enzyme immobilization
Oveimar Barbosa,Claudia Ortiz,Ángel Berenguer-Murcia,Rodrigo Torres,Rafael C. Rodrigues,Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente +5 more
TL;DR: Glutaraldehyde, an apparently old fashioned reactive, remains the most widely used and with broadest application possibilities among the compounds used for the design of biocatalyst.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme immobilization by adsorption: a review
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative analysis of the literature reports on the recent trends in the enzyme immobilization by adsorption is presented, where both carriers, carrier modifiers and procedures developed for effective adaption of the enzymes are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A general overview of support materials for enzyme immobilization: Characteristics, properties, practical utility
TL;DR: A general overview of the characteristics and properties of the materials applied for enzyme immobilization can be found in this article, where support materials are divided into two main groups, called Classic and New materials.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Improvement of enzyme activity, stability and selectivity via immobilization techniques
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TL;DR: In all cases, enzyme engineering via immobilization techniques is perfectly compatible with other chemical or biological approaches to improve enzyme functions and the final success depend on the availability of a wide battery of immobilization protocols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis of New, Nanoporous Carbon with Hexagonally Ordered Mesostructure
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TL;DR: O.R.T. and Z.L.K. as discussed by the authors acknowledge donors of the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society (ACS), and thank CREST, JST for supports.
Journal ArticleDOI
Industrial biocatalysis today and tomorrow
TL;DR: Biocatalytic processes can now be carried out in organic solvents as well as aqueous environments, so that apolar organic compounds aswell as water-soluble compounds can be modified selectively and efficiently with enzymes and bioc atalytically active cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glutaraldehyde: behavior in aqueous solution, reaction with proteins, and application to enzyme crosslinking.
TL;DR: An overview of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking reagent is given by describing its structure and chemical properties in aqueous solution in an attempt to explain its high reactivity toward proteins, particularly as applied to the production of insoluble enzymes.