Book ChapterDOI
Crater Gas Emissions and the Magma Feeding System of Stromboli Volcano
Patrick Allard,Alessandro Aiuppa,Mike Burton,Tommaso Caltabiano,Cinzia Federico,Giuseppe Salerno,Alessandro La Spina +6 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the chemical composition and mass output of these crater emissions (gases, trace metals, radioactive isotopes) were measured using different methodologies: within-plume airborne measurements, ground-based plume filtering, and/or in situ analysis, remote UV and open-path Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy.Abstract:
Quiescent and explosive magma degassing at Stromboli volcano sustains high-temperature crater gas venting and a permanent volcanic plume which constitute key sources of information on the magma supply and dynamics, the physical processes controlling the explosive activity and, more broadly, the volcano feeding system. The chemical composition and the mass output of these crater emissions (gases, trace metals, radioactive isotopes) were measured using different methodologies: within-plume airborne measurements, ground-based plume filtering, and/or in situ analysis, remote UV and open-path Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. The results obtained, summarized in this paper, demonstrate a primary control of the magmatic gas phase on the eruptive regime and the budget of the volcano. The large excess gas discharge, compared with the lava extrusion rate, and the source depth of slug-driven Strombolian explosions evidence extensive separate gas transfer across the volcano conduits, promoted by the high gas content (vesicularity) and then permeability of the shallow basaltic magma. Combined with data for volatiles dissolved in olivine-hosted melt inclusions, the results provide updated constraints for the magma supply rate (similar to 0.3 m(3) s(-1) average), the ratio of intrusive versus extrusive magma degassing (similar to 15), and the amount of unerupted degassed magma that should be convectively cycled back in conduits and accumulated beneath the volcano over time (similar to 0.25 km(3) in the last three decades). The results also provide insight into the possible triggering mechanism of intermittent paroxysmal explosions and the geochemical signals that might allow forecasting these events in the future.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Conditions of Magma Storage, Degassing and Ascent at Stromboli: New Insights into the Volcano Plumbing System with Inferences on the Eruptive Dynamics
TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive dataset on major elements and volatiles (CO2, H2O, S and Cl) in olivine-hosted melt inclusions and embayments from pyroclasts emplaced during explosive eruptions of variable magnitude is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
The 2007 eruption of Stromboli volcano: Insights from real-time measurement of the volcanic gas plume CO2/SO2 ratio
Alessandro Aiuppa,Alessandro Aiuppa,Cinzia Federico,Gaetano Giudice,Giovanni Giuffrida,Roberto Guida,Sergio Gurrieri,Marco Liuzzo,Roberto Moretti,Paolo Papale +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the results of two years of in-situ sensing of the CO 2 /SO 2 ratio in Stromboli's volcanic gas plume, in the attempt to put constraints on the trigger mechanisms and dynamics of the eruption.
Journal ArticleDOI
A model of degassing for Stromboli volcano
Alessandro Aiuppa,Antonella Bertagnini,Nicole Métrich,Roberto Moretti,A. Di Muro,Marco Liuzzo,Giancarlo Tamburello +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the MultiGAS technique to provide the best documented record of gas plume discharges from Stromboli volcano to date, and showed that Strombolian's gases are dominated by H2O (48−98−mol); mean, 80%), and by CO2 (2−50−mol%; mean, 17%) and SO2 (0.2−14−mol; mean, 3%).
Journal ArticleDOI
Degassing of halogens from basaltic volcanism: Insights from volcanic gas observations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a Rayleigh-type open-system degassing model to derive constraints on the modes of halogen degassing from mafic silicate melts.
Journal ArticleDOI
A CO2-rich gas trigger of explosive paroxysms at Stromboli basaltic volcano, Italy
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined and discussed the alternative hypothesis that most of the paroxysms could be triggered and driven by the fast upraise of CO2-rich gas pockets generated by bubble foam growth and collapse in the subvolcano plumbing system.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
VOLATILECALC: a silicate melt-H 2 O-CO 2 solution model written in Visual Basic for excel
Sally Newman,Jacob B. Lowenstern +1 more
TL;DR: The VOLATILECALC solution models for the rhyolite-H2O-CO2 and basalt-H 2 O-CO 2 systems at magmatic temperatures and pressures below ∼ 5000 bar are presented in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eruptive and diffuse emissions of CO2 from Mount Etna
Patrick Allard,J. Carbonnelle,D. Dajlevic,J. Le Bronec,P. Morel,M.C. Robe,J. M. Maurenas,R. Faivre-Pierret,D. Martin,J. C. Sabroux,P. Zettwoog +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data collected from 1975 to 1987 to estimate carbon dioxide emissions from the summit craters and the upper flanks of the volcano and found that the average output of CO2 from summit crater degassing is 13±3 Tg yr−1, an order of magnitude higher than the annual CO2 output from Kilauea, Hawaii, and representative arc volcanoes.
Book ChapterDOI
Chemical Composition of Volcanic Gases
TL;DR: The composition of gases released from volcanoes is a function of deep processes, such as vapor-melt separation during the generation and rise of the magmas, and shallow processes, active within the volcanic structures themselves as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Source mechanisms of explosions at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, determined from moment-tensor inversions of very-long-period data
Bernard Chouet,Phillip B. Dawson,Takao Ohminato,Marcello Martini,Gilberto Saccorotti,Flora Giudicepietro,Gaetano De Luca,Giuliano Milana,Roberto Scarpa +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, two source centroids are identified, each representative of the distinct event types associated with explosive eruptions from two different vents, and the two sources that best fit the data are offset 220 and 260 m beneath and 160 m northwest of the active vents, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sulphur output and magma degassing budget of Stromboli volcano
TL;DR: In this article, air-borne measurements of the plume flux of Stromboli volcano during 1980-93 show that the volcano emits very large amounts of gas, mostly by open-conduit degassing between explosive outbursts, while exuding little basalt.